Chapter 1 Introduction to A&P Flashcards
The study of the form or structure of the body.
Anatomy
The study of the function of the body.
Physiology
What does form determine?
Form determines function
Type of anatomy that needs a microscope to see these structures?
Microscopic Anatomy
Study of individual cell.
Cytology
Study of tissues.
Histology
Simplest form of life.
Cell
Type of anatomy that you can see structures with your eye.
Macroscopic Anatomy
Another term for macroscopic anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Groups of organs that form a system (heart, vessels)
Organ System
What are the levels of organization by order?
Remember organization at each level determines the characteristics and functions of higher levels!
- Subatomic particles
- Atoms
- Chemical compounds
- Cells
- Tissues
- Organs
- Systems
- Body
What are the 4 types of tissues?
- Epithelial tissue
- Connective tissue
- Muscle tissue
- Neural tissue
Where does life begin?
Cells
Existence of a stable environment; a set desired range for body functions.
Homeostasis
What happens in the body when a organ can not maintain homeostasis?
The organ will not survive
A sensor that detects a change or stimulus.
Think thermometer
Receptor
Receives and process the stimuli.
Think dial or thermostat
Control Center
Cell or organ that responds to a stimuli.
Think furnace
Effector
What are the two types of Regulartory Mechanisms?
- Negative Feedback
- Positive Feedback
Regulatory Mechanism when a variation outside the desired Homeostatic range triggers a response to correct the situation. Results are always the opposite of what ever condition initiated the response. The provides stability or sets a limit to a process.
Example: When your blood pressure gets too high the heart will beat slower. This brings your blood pressure back to normal.
Example: When the temperature sends a signal to the thermostat which turns on the air conditioner.
Negative Feedback
——->
Regulatory Mechanism when a stimuli produces a response that increases the beginning effect. Resules are always the same as whatever condition initiated the response this accelerates a process to completion.
Example: An increased temperature sends a signal to the thermostat which turns on the heater.
Positive Feedback
- —–>
- —–>
What are 5 major needs of organisms?
- Energy
- Gases (Oxygen and Carbon dioxide)
- Water
- Salts, acids, bases
- Organic compounds
System of the body that controls temperature, and prevents bacterial infections.
Integumentary
Organ of the Integumentary system?
Skin
System of the body that supports and makes blood?
Skeletal
Organ of the skeletal system?
Bones
System of the body that supports, allows movement, and produces heat?
Muscular
Organ of the muscular system?
Muscles
System of the body that directs stimuli and activities?
Nervous
Organs of the nervous system?
Nerves and brain
System of the body that regulates hormones
Endocrine
Organ of the endocrine system?
Thyroid glan
System of the body that transports nutrients and wastes?
Cardiovascular
Organs of the cardiovascular system?
Heart and vessels
System of the body that defends against infection and returns fluid to bloodstream.
Lymphatic
Organs of the lymphatic system?
Lymph nodes, spleen
System of the body that provides gas exchange?
Respiratory
Organs of the respiratory system?
Lungs, nose
System of the body that processes food and absorbs nutrients?
Digestive
Organs of the digestive system?
Stomach and intestines
Organ system that removes waste?
Urinary
Organs of the urinary system?
Kidney and bladder
System of the body that produces sex hormones?
Reproductive
Organs of the reproductive system?
Genitalia
What is the body system that the body can survive without?
Reproductive
Body position Facing forward palms up
Anatomical position
Position: Person lying on back, face up.
Supine
Position: Person laying face down.
Prone
Two terms for front
- Anterior
- Ventral
Two terms for Back
- Posterior
- Dorsal
Term for head (Skull)
Cranial
Term for head (brain)
Cephalic
Term for above.
Superior
Term for the tail.
Caudal
Term for below.
Inferior
Term for middle. Towards belly button.
Medial
Term for to your side, away from mid point.
Lateral
Term for toward the trunk.
Proximal
Term for away from the trunk.
Distal
Term for close to surface of body.
Superficial
Term for moving away from the surface.
Deep
9 regions of the abdominopelvic area?
- Right hypochondriac. -Epigastric region. -Left hypochondriac.
- Right lumbar region. -Umbilical region. -Left Lumbar region.
- Right inguinal region. -Hypogastric region. -Left inguinal region.
3 Sectional planes of the body.
- Transverse plane
- Frontal plane
- Sagittal plane
Plane that divides the body horizontally such as the waist; upper body and lower body. This results in a cross section.
Transerse plane
Plane that divides the body into front and back. Also called the coronal plane.
Frontal plane
Plane that divides the body between the eyes.
Sagittal plane
An internal chamber whose purpose is to protect an organ and it must allow for a change of size.
Body cavity
Fluid filled space that protects the spinal cord and brain. Subdivided into “spinal cavity” and “cranial cavity.”
Dorsal body cavity
Body cavity that contains the brain.
Cranial cavity
Body cavity that contains the spinal cord.
Spinal cavity
Also called “coelom” subdived into the thoracic cavity and abdomino pelvic cavity.
Ventral Body cavity
Contains pleural cavities and the pericardial cavity.
Thoracic cavity
Cavity that contains lungs
Pleural cavities.
Cavity that contains the heart
Pericardial cavity
Cavity that contains the stomach other digestive organs and bladder.
Abdomino- pelvic cavity
Contains the stomach.
Abdominal cavity
Contains the bladder.
Pelvic cavity
Area between 2 pleural cavities that surrounds the pericardial cavity.
Mediastinum.
Membrane that lines the lung cavity.
Pleura
Membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity.
Peritoneum.
Membrane that lines the pericardial cavity.
Pericardium.
Line the sealed internal divisions of the ventral body cavity.
Serous membrane
