Chapter 1 Introduction Flashcards
Scientific method
A process that uses strict guidelines to ensure careful and systematic collection, organization, and analysis of information
Locard’s exchange principle
Whenever two objects come into contact with one another, there is exchange of materials between them.
Expert witness
An individual whom the court determines to possess knowledge relevant to the trial that is not expected of the average person
The application of science to law describes ________.
Forensic science
A system of personal identification using a series of body measurements was first devised by __________.
Alphonse Bertillon
How is responsible for developing the first statistical study proving the uniqueness of fingerprints?
Francis Galton
The Italian scientist, ________ devised the first workable procedure for typing dried bloodstains.
Leone Lattes
The comparison microscope became an indispensable tool of firearms examination through the efforts of ________.
Calvin Goddard
Early efforts at applying scientific principles to document examination are associated with _______.
Albert S. Osborn
The application of science to criminal investigation was advocated by the Austrian magistrate _____.
Hans Gross
One of the first functional crime laboratories was formed in Lyons, France, under the direction of ________.
Edmond Locard
The first forensic laboratory in the United States was created ink 1923 by the ________ Police Department.
Los Angelas
In contrast to the United States, Britain’s crime laboratory system is characterized by national system of ________ laboratories.
Regional
The increasing demand for _________ analyses has been the single most important factor in the recent expansion of crime laboratory services in the United States.
DNA profiling
Four important federal agencies offering forensic services are ______, _______, ________, and _______.
FBI, ATF, US Postal, and Drug Enforcement
The application of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime-scene evidence is the function of the ________ unit of a crime laboratory.
Trace evidence
The examination of bullets, cartridges cases, shotgun shells, and ammunition of all types is the responsibility of the ________ unit.
Firearms
The examination of look, hair, fibers, and botanical materials is conducted in the ________ unit of a crime laboratory.
Biology
The examination of body fluids and organs for drugs and poisons is a function of the ________unit.
Toxicology
The _________ unit dispatches trained personnel to the scene of a crime to retrieve evidence or laboratory examination.
CSI
In the case of ______________, the Supreme Court ruled that, in assessing the admissibility of new and unique scientific tests, the trial judge did not have to rely solely on the concept of “general acceptance.”
Daubert vs Mervel
A Florida case that exemplifies the flexibility and wide discretion that the trial judge has in matters of scientific inquiry is __________.
Coppolino vs. State
True or false: the expert witness’s courtroom demeanor may play an important role in deciding that weight the court will assign to his or her testimony.
True
The ability of the investigator to recognize and collect crime-scene evidence properly depends on the amount of ________ received from the crime laboratory.
Training
