Chapter 1 Introduction

Question 0

Scientific method

Answer 0

A process that uses strict guidelines to ensure careful and systematic collection, organization, and analysis of information

Question 1

Locard’s exchange principle

Answer 1

Whenever two objects come into contact with one another, there is exchange of materials between them.

Question 2

Expert witness

Answer 2

An individual whom the court determines to possess knowledge relevant to the trial that is not expected of the average person

Question 3

The application of science to law describes ________.

Answer 3

Forensic science

Question 4

A system of personal identification using a series of body measurements was first devised by __________.

Answer 4

Alphonse Bertillon

Question 5

How is responsible for developing the first statistical study proving the uniqueness of fingerprints?

Answer 5

Francis Galton

Question 6

The Italian scientist, ________ devised the first workable procedure for typing dried bloodstains.

Answer 6

Leone Lattes

Question 7

The comparison microscope became an indispensable tool of firearms examination through the efforts of ________.

Answer 7

Calvin Goddard

Question 8

Early efforts at applying scientific principles to document examination are associated with _______.

Answer 8

Albert S. Osborn

Question 9

The application of science to criminal investigation was advocated by the Austrian magistrate _____.

Answer 9

Hans Gross

Question 10

One of the first functional crime laboratories was formed in Lyons, France, under the direction of ________.

Answer 10

Edmond Locard

Question 11

The first forensic laboratory in the United States was created ink 1923 by the ________ Police Department.

Answer 11

Los Angelas

Question 12

In contrast to the United States, Britain’s crime laboratory system is characterized by national system of ________ laboratories.

Answer 12

Regional

Question 13

The increasing demand for _________ analyses has been the single most important factor in the recent expansion of crime laboratory services in the United States.

Answer 13

DNA profiling

Question 14

Four important federal agencies offering forensic services are ______, _______, ________, and _______.

Answer 14

FBI, ATF, US Postal, and Drug Enforcement

Question 15

The application of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime-scene evidence is the function of the ________ unit of a crime laboratory.

Answer 15

Trace evidence

Question 16

The examination of bullets, cartridges cases, shotgun shells, and ammunition of all types is the responsibility of the ________ unit.

Answer 16

Firearms

Question 17

The examination of look, hair, fibers, and botanical materials is conducted in the ________ unit of a crime laboratory.

Answer 17

Biology

Question 18

The examination of body fluids and organs for drugs and poisons is a function of the ________unit.

Answer 18

Toxicology

Question 19

The _________ unit dispatches trained personnel to the scene of a crime to retrieve evidence or laboratory examination.

Answer 19

CSI

Question 20

In the case of ______________, the Supreme Court ruled that, in assessing the admissibility of new and unique scientific tests, the trial judge did not have to rely solely on the concept of “general acceptance.”

Answer 20

Daubert vs Mervel

Question 21

A Florida case that exemplifies the flexibility and wide discretion that the trial judge has in matters of scientific inquiry is __________.

Answer 21

Coppolino vs. State

Question 22

True or false: the expert witness’s courtroom demeanor may play an important role in deciding that weight the court will assign to his or her testimony.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

The ability of the investigator to recognize and collect crime-scene evidence properly depends on the amount of ________ received from the crime laboratory.

Answer 23

Training