Chapter 1: Introduction

Question 1

Physical Security

Answer 1

The part of security concerned with physical measures that have been designed to protect people, equipment, materials, and documents from damage, loss, or unauthorized access.

Question 2

Procedure

Answer 2

A detailed instruction for carrying out security policies, often presented as lists or steps to take.

Question 3

Asset

Answer 3

Anything of value to the organization. It can have tangible and/or intangible properties such as physical objects, people, or information.

Question 4

Ward

Answer 4

Prevents the use of an incorrect key entering or turning a lock mechanism.

Question 5

Event

Answer 5

A noteworthy happening such as a security incident, safety situation, medical emergency, or similar occurrence.

Question 6

The Four Ds

Answer 6

Deter - always the first objective
Detect - must include assessment
Delay - begins after detection and communication to the response force
Deny - prevent access

Question 7

Adversary

Answer 7

An individual who has the intent to harm a person or facility. There are two types; an outsider and an insider.

Question 8

Neutralize

Answer 8

Cease the actions of an adversary.

Question 9

Defense-in-depth

Answer 9

Also referred to as layered protection or protection-in-depth, defense-in-depth is a fundamental concept used in physical security. It consists of placing multiple layers of concentric security features that provide 360-degree protection without gaps or weaknesses. It is important that each layer of security has the same level of protection all the way around the asset, including above and below the asset, which is referred to as having “Balanced Protection”.

Question 10

Barrier

Answer 10

A natural or manmade object designed to restrict or impede movement of animals, people, or vehicles and/or materials.

Question 11

Access Control

Answer 11

The process of implementing perimeters to control and document people, vehicles, and materials for a protected area.

Question 12

Video Surveillance

Answer 12

A surveillance system that captures visual images and then transmits the images to monitors, recorders and control equipment. Includes CCTV (Closed circuit television) and network-based video systems.

Question 13

Design Basis Threat (DBT)

Answer 13

The threat (tactics, weapons, tools, explosives, or expertise) against which assets must be protected. It is the design of the protective measures and procedures to prevent the threat from being successful.

Question 14

Critical Detection Point (CDP)

Answer 14

The CDP is the point where the delay time exceeds the response force time. Simply put, it is the time it takes for the detection and response functions to interrupt (stop) the adversary before they can compromise or destroy an asset (deny).

Question 15

Facility

Answer 15

One or more buildings that are related by function and location to form an operating entity.

Question 16

Concept of Design Elements

Answer 16

Facility layout and utilization
Protection strategy
Structural and electronic security systems
Security officer operations and other human support
Physical security program management

Question 17

Risk Assessment

Answer 17

The process of assessing security-related risk from internal and external threats to the organization, its people, or its assets.

Question 18

PPS

Answer 18

A Physical Protection System.

Question 19

Security Measure

Answer 19

A practice or device that is designed to protect people, assets, or information from damage, loss, or unauthorized access.

Question 20

Key Design Considerations for Planners

Answer 20

Placement of hazardous materials
Air intake and exhaust design
Utilities including; water, electric, natural gas, communications, sewer, drainage culverts, etc.
Neighboring facilities and operations
Contingency planning

Question 21

Threat

Answer 21

An indication or event that can result in a loss, damage, or unauthorized access to an asset. Can be terrorism, vandalism, theft, bombing, etc.

Question 22

Security Incident

Answer 22

An occurrence or action likely to impact assets.

Question 23

Cognitive Learning

Answer 23

Knowledge and theory applied to practice

Question 24

Affective Learning

Answer 24

Attitude/perception of cultures, adversary, and asset protection

Question 25

Psychomotor

Answer 25

Physical skills/hands-on training

Question 26

General Orders

Answer 26

General Orders are bodies of principles for the officer. They include items such as prohibiting smoking, eating, and personal cell phone use while on duty and how they will maintain their post, wear their uniform, and use company equipment.

Question 27

Special Ordes

Answer 27

Special Orders, conversely, may be developed to address special events such as a board meeting, holiday party, or public function. Special orders have a specific timeframe and scope.

Question 28

Post Orders

Answer 28

Post Orders, also known as Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), are the most important document for the security force as it will list officer duties, explain any policies and procedures and provides a basis for training. Post orders should be written clearly and be easy to understand, using the following criteria as a guide:

Each order should deal with a single subject.
Each order should be concise.
Each order should be easy to understand.
Orders should be indexed based on content.
Orders should be available at every post.
Orders should contain a coordinated set of instructions (no contradictions).

Question 29

Four Main Areas Policies Address

Answer 29

General - general objectives, responsibilities of staff, accountability, reporting, auditing, etc.
People - workplace violence, emergency evacuation, prohibited items, security awareness, etc.
Property - acceptable use of equipment, investigations, key control, safeguarding property, etc.
Information - disclosure, marking, storage, handling, destruction of documents, etc.

Question 30

Policies

Answer 30

Statements of a principle that each employee must follow while performing business functions

Question 31

Procedures

Answer 31

Detailed instructions on how to perform daily work, often using a step-by-step process or a written list of duties.

Question 32

Three Main Areas Procedures Address

Answer 32

People - response to threats, evacuations, visitor management, employee access badging, etc.
Property - securing assets, marking property, key issuance, officer duties (post orders), etc.
Information - marking, storage, and destruction of information and technical surveillance countermeasures (anti-eavesdropping), etc.

Question 33

Metrics

Answer 33

Measures based on a reference, with two or more points (quantity over time) and that offers insight into performance, operations, or quality.

Question 34

Legal considerations

Answer 34

Are legally defensible and enforceable;
Comply with other organizational policies and procedures;
Follow best industry practices by demonstrating duty of care;
Conform to national, state, and local laws and regulations; and
Protect the staff and organization from lawsuits.

Question 35

Foreseeability

Answer 35

Events or actions that may cause loss, harm or damage, that are known, or should have been known, to the organization and/or the security officers before the event occurred

Question 36

Proximate Cause

Answer 36

When an officer is the immediate cause of an injury to a victim

Question 37

Breach of Duty

Answer 37

When officers engage in unreasonable conduct

Question 38

Failure to Adhere to Duty Guidleines

Answer 38

When officers engage in conduct beyond their duties

Question 39

Chapter 1 Key Points 1

Answer 39

The Four Ds of security: Deter, Detect, Delay, Deny

Question 40

Chapter 1 Key Points 2

Answer 40

Layered protection or protection in-depth (defense-in-depth) consists of multiple security measures around an asset.

Question 41

Chapter 1 Key Points 3

Answer 41

Balanced protection means that all protective measures are evenly deployed around an asset.

Question 42

Chapter 1 Key Points 4

Answer 42

Defense-in-Depth (Protection-in-Depth or Layered Security) when applied in a basic format has three layers of protection: 1) outer layer, 2) middle layer, and 3) inner layer.

Question 43

Chapter 1 Key Points 5

Answer 43

Design Basis Threat (DBT) is the basis of PPS design used to protect an asset by analyzing adversary skills, tools, tactics, and the pathway an adversary might use to compromise the asset.

Question 44

Chapter 1 Key Points 6

Answer 44

Critical Detection Point (CDP) is the point where the delay time exceeds the response force time.

Question 45

Chapter 1 Key Points 7

Answer 45

The Physical Protection System (PPS) should be balanced between the various forms of security measures (structural, electronic, and procedural) to be effective.

Question 46

Chapter 1 Key Points 8

Answer 46

Point security can be defined as any site where the outer perimeter is loosely controlled, and the primary focus is on individual buildings within the perimeter or spaces within the buildings.

Question 47

Chapter 1 Key Points 9

Answer 47

Area security is where the perimeter and entry portals have a higher level of control and security features.

Question 48

Chapter 1 Key Points 10

Answer 48

Performance criteria for each subsystem or component is based on the contribution the device or component makes to the overall PPS performance.

Question 49

Chapter 1 Key Points 11

Answer 49

Feature-based criteria relies the fact that the component is present, not on the performance of that feature or component.

Question 50

Chapter 1 Key Points 12

Answer 50

The security officer is tasked with protecting property, enforcing rules, and directing pedestrians and vehicular traffic.

Question 51

Chapter 1 Key Points 13

Answer 51

During a partial bomb evacuation, the security officer should focus on the floor involved with the suspected bomb, and the floors immediately above and below the floor involved.

Question 52

Chapter 1 Key Points 14

Answer 52

Contract security services are often less expensive than proprietary security officers.

Question 53

Chapter 1 Key Points 15

Answer 53

A simple formula that can be used to determine if an armed security officer is needed: 1) that there is a greater danger to life safety without the armed officer, and 2) the security officer may reasonably be expected to use fatal force.

Question 54

Chapter 1 Key Points 16

Answer 54

Learning can be separated into three distinct domains: 1) cognitive learning, 2) affective learning, and 3) psychomotor learning.

Question 55

Chapter 1 Key Points 17

Answer 55

Development = Education + Training + Guided Experience

Question 56

Chapter 1 Key Points 18

Answer 56

There are three kinds of orders that direct security officer operations: 1) general orders, 2) post orders, and 3) special orders.

Question 57

Chapter 1 Key Points 19

Answer 57

Post orders are the most important written document for the security force, because it lists officer duties, policies and procedures and provides a basis for training.

Question 58

Chapter 1 Key Points 20

Answer 58

Policies address four main areas: 1) general, 2) people, 3) property, and 4) information

Question 59

Chapter 1 Key Points 21

Answer 59

Procedures address three main areas: 1) people, 2) property, and 3) information

Question 60

Chapter 1 Key Points 22

Answer 60

Security policies are strategic principles that must be followed and require approval at the executive level.

Question 61

Chapter 1 Key Points 23

Answer 61

Security procedures are steps to accomplish day-to-day tasks in meeting policy requirements and change more often than policies. Post Orders (SOPs) are an example of security procedures.

Question 62

Chapter 1 Key Points 24

Answer 62

Security officers have two main types of metrics: 1) response metrics, and 2) training metrics.

Question 63

Chapter 1 Key Points 25

Answer 63

Training metrics comprise: 1) inward facing programs, and 2) outward-facing programs.