Chapter 1-Intro to Stats

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

All possible individuals to which a study may apply

Question 2

Sample

Answer 2

Individuals selected from population, intended to represent population

Question 3

Parameter

Answer 3

Numerical value that describes a characteristic of a population

Question 4

Statistic

Answer 4

Numerical value that describes a characteristic of a sample

Question 5

Sampling Error

Answer 5

Numeric difference that exists between statistic and parameter

Question 6

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 6

Procedures used to summarize, organize, and simplify data

Question 7

Inferential Statistics

Answer 7

Procedures used to generalize characteristics of sample to population

Question 8

Variable

Answer 8

Characteristic that changes or is different from one individual to the next or within the same individual

Question 9

Constant

Answer 9

Characteristic that does not change from one individual to the next

Question 10

Theory

Answer 10

Set of ideas used to explain the functioning of and make predictions about a relationship or set of relationships

Question 11

Hypothesis

Answer 11

Specific, testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables

Question 12

Correlational (observational) method

Answer 12

Observing naturally occurring relationship between two or more variables

Question 13

Experimental Method

Answer 13

Establishes cause and effect relationships between two or more variables by manipulating one variable and measuring the other variable

Question 14

Experimental Control

Answer 14

Using random assignment and holding extraneous variables constant

Question 15

Operational definition

Answer 15

Defining a variable by manner in which the variable is used and measured

Question 16

Independent variable

Answer 16

variable that is manipulated (or controlled) by experimenter

Question 17

Experimental group

Answer 17

receives the treatment level of the IV, gets some sort of active treatment

Question 18

Control group

Answer 18

Does NOT receive the treatment level of the IV, gets no treatment or placebo

Question 19

Dependent variable

Answer 19

variable that is observed/measured for group differences to access the effect of IV

Question 20

Confounding variable

Answer 20

uncontrolled variable that can systematically vary with IV, thus, masking or enhancing the true effect of the IV