Chapter 1 Intro to Pathophysiology Flashcards
What is disease
something that affects the body
functional impairment of cells, tissues, organs, and organ system
What is pathophysiology
the study of functional changes in the body caused by injury, disrorder, or disease
What is a syndrome?
specific conditions with recognizable, predictable patterns
What is patho
relating to disease
What is physiology
a branch of biology that deals with the functions of life or living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved
What are the 5 ways to teach and learn about pathophysiology
Disease, Pathogenesis, Etiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnosis
What is pathogenesis
where it began how it went through the body and what are the risks, and who is most likely going to get it or exposed to get it
What is the goal of pathogenesis
to prevent disease or facilitate early diagnosis and intervention
What is a risk factor
vulnerabilities
What is etiology
What causes the disease or why it is happening
precise cause of disease
What is a pathogen?
disease-causing microorganism
What is multifactorial
having more than one cause
What is idiopathic
no known cause
what is nosocomial
caused by an infection received in a healthcare environment
what is iatrogenic
caused inadvertently by medical treatment
What is clinical manifestations
signs v symptoms
local (affects one part of the body e.g swelling , redness) v.s systemic (throughout the whole body e.g fever, lethargy)
asymptomatic (does not have noticeable symptoms but disease is present)
acute(less than 3 months/ 14 days and there is resolution ) v. subacute (somewhere in between ) v. chronic (last monger than 6 months )
remissions (everything is calm no signs/ symptom free) v exacerbations (presenting w signs and symptoms/ flaring of symptom )
What is diagnosis
a label for a disease based on diagnostic criteria
What is prognosis
production of how now will process through the disease process, morbidity v. mortality
do they have a chance of getting better or worse
the probable outcome
What is treatment
management if disease to eradication, slow progression and treat symptom
What is prevention
avoidance of illness, injury, and early death, promote health
What does individual health focus on
the whole person and the persons perception of health and illness.
What does individual health focus on
the whole person
the persons perception of health and illness
For the continuum of health and illness
health - is percieved wholeness of body, mind and spirit
illness- a state resulting in differing or distress
What are the classifications of global disease?
endemic- regular exisiting within an area or community
epidemic- a widespread in population
pandemic- epidemic spreads across continents
Epidemiology is based on what?
Incidence v.s prevalence
Health Organization (WHO)
a global organization inclduing many nations to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable
Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
An American organization whose goal is protection of public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability
What does epidemiology study
- How the disease is spread
- How many people have the disease * How the disease is controlled
- How the disease is prevented
- How the disease is eliminated
What is incidence?
The number of NEW cases of a disease arising in a population at risk during a specified time
What is prevalence?
a measure/ proportion of individuals who have specific EXISTING disease in a population at a specific/ given point in time (# of cases divided by the current population)
What is morbidity?
describes the functional effects of an illness on a person’s life
a negative outcome
concerned with the incidence of, persistence, and long-term consequences of the disease -arthritis
What is mortality
provides information about trends in the health of a population
describes the death-producing characteristics of the disease
Primary Prevention
prevention of disease from occuring
ex: talking about smoking
Secondary Prevention
early detection of disease by screening
ex: mammogram screening
Tertiary Prevention
rehabilitation of a patient to prevent complications or progression of disease
ex: pt or how to use an inhaler
What is evidence-based practice?
A way of caring for others that is cognizant of the most current research and knowledge in the health professions
What does evidence-based practice entail?
Goes beyond one piece of research
Encompasses totality of what is known through research and knowledge and practice of experts
Requires conscientious respect for human health variations
What are factors that affect pathogenesis
gender
age
race
locale
socioeconomic status
ethnicity
You are expecting your first child and are told that the child has a 1 in 800 chance of being born with a congenital anomaly. This statistic refers to the:
a. incidence.
b. prevalence.
c. epidemic.
d. diagnosis.
a. incidence
You decide that it has been too long since your last physical examination, so you schedule an appointment for a routine health screening. You have a blood cholesterol level checked and it is within the expected range. This activity represents which level of prevention?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. None of these
b. secondary prevention
At your health screening, you describe the following: achiness, lethargy, and vague abdominal discomfort. These are categorized as
a. local manifestations.
b. systemic manifestations.
c. signs.
d. symptoms.
d. symptoms
The study of functional alterations in human health because of an injury, disease, or syndrome describes which of the following?
a. Pathology
b. Pathophysiology
c. Physiology
d. Morphology
b. pathophysiology
A patient wants to know what has caused the illness. This information is termed the
a. etiology.
b. pathogenesis.
c. epidemiology.
d. nosocomial.
a. etiology
Joe has many risk factors for the development of lung cancer. Which of these is NOT modifiable?
a. Smoking
b. Family history of lung cancer
c. Working in an asbestos-filled area
d. Poor nutritional intake
b. family history of lung cancer
Which of the following terms indicates the dynamic steady state that the body strives to achieve every day?
a. Homeostasis
b. Mortality
c. Morbidity
d. Health
a. Homeostasis
Which of the following contributes to evidence-based practice and high-quality patient care?
a. Primary research
b. Clinical expertise
c. Meta-analysis studies
d. All of these contribute
d. all of these contribute
Cancer is on the rise across the globe. Which term describes this phenomenon?
a. Epidemic
b. Endemic
c. Pandemic
d. Morbidity
c. pandemic
Your grandmother is diagnosed with congestive heart failure and is told that she has 6 months to live. This prediction is referred to as her
a. prognosis.
b. diagnosis.
c. morbidity rate.
d. prevalence.
a. prognosis
- You are expecting your first child and are told that the child has a 1 in 800 chance of being born with a congenital anomaly. This statistic refers to the:
a. incidence.
b. prevalence.
c. epidemic.
d. diagnosis .
incidence
- You decide that it has been too long since your last physical examination so you schedule an appointment for a routine health screening. You have a blood cholesterol level checked and it is within the expected range. This activity represents which level of prevention?
a. Primary prevention
b. Secondary prevention
c. Tertiary prevention
d. None of hese
Secondary Prevention
- At your health screening, you describe the following: achiness, lethargy, and vague abdominal discomfort. These are categorized as:
a. local manifestations.
b. systemic manifestations.
c. signs.
d. symptoms .
systemic manifestations
- The study of functional alterations in human health because of an injury, disease, or syndrome describes which of the following?
a. Pathology
b. Pathophysiology
c. Physiology
d. Morphology
Pathophysiology
- The study of functional alterations in human health because of an injury, disease, or syndrome describes which of the following?
a. Pathology
b. Pathophysiology
c. Physiology
d. Morphology
Pathology
- Joe has many risk factors for the development of lung cancer. Which of these is NOT modifiable?
a. Smoking
b. Family history of lung cancer
c. Working in an asbestos-filled area
d. Poor nutritional intake
Family history of lung cancer
- Which of the following terms indicates the dynamic steady state that the body strives to achieve every day?
a. Homeostasis
b. Mortality
c. Morbidity
d. Health
homeostasis
- Which of the following contributes to evidence-based practice and high-quality patient care?
a. Primary research
b. Clinical expertise
c. Meta-analysis studies
d. All of these contribute
All of these contribute
- Cancer is on the rise across the globe. Which term describes this phenomenon?
a. Epidemic
b. Endemic
c. Pandemic
d. Morbidity
Pandemic
- Your grandmother is diagnosed with congestive heart failure and is told that she has 6 months to live. This prediction is referred to as her:
a. prognosis.
b. diagnosis.
c. morbidity rate.
d. prevalence.
prognosis
