chapter 1: intro to nutrition Flashcards
usual pattern of food choices
diet
chemicals necessary for proper body functioning
nutrients
scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses them
nutrition
study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can occur to it
chemistry
total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells
metabolism
state of health that occurs when a nutrient is missing from the diet
deficiency disease
why is it important to learn about foods and nutrients?
to reduce chances of developing serious chronic diseases
six classes of nutrients
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
vitamins
minerals
water
energy (most forms)
- 4 kcal/gram
carbohydrates
energy (fat), physical growth and development
- 9 kcal/gram
lipids
production of structural and functional components; cellular growth, development, and maintenance
- 4 kcal/gram
proteins
regulation of body processes
vitamins
regulation of body processes; structural and functional components
- example: calcium
- (part of bone): structural
- calcium in cells to promote physiological processes
minerals
maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of body temperature, transport and elimination of substances, participant in many chemical reactions
water
must be supplied by food
essential nutrient
substances found in plants while making hundreds
phytochemicals
protects cells and their components from being damaged or destroyed by harmful environmental and internal factors
antioxidant
a product (excluding tobacco) that contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product that supplements the diet by increasing total intake
dietary supplements
why should people be concerned about their lifestyle and risk factors for chronic diseases?
because a person’s usual way of living, influences risk of chronic diseases
the main nutrition-related goal of healthy people 2020
promote good health and reduce chronic disease by consuming healthful diets and achieving and maintaining healthy body weights
metrics for nutrition
length measured in meters
- 1 inch = 2.54 cm
weight measured in grams
- 1 pound = 454 grams
- 2.2 pounds = 1 kilogram
volume measured in liters
energy supplied by unhealthy solid fats, added sugars, and/or alcohol
empty calories
energy value of a food in relation to the food’s weight
energy density
describes a food or beverage that contains more key beneficial nutrients in relation to its total calories
nutrient-dense
