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I/O PSYCHOLOGY > CHAPTER 1: INTRO TO I/O > Flashcards

CHAPTER 1: INTRO TO I/O Flashcards

Introduction to IO Psych

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1
Q

What is IO Psychology?

A

A branch that applies principles of psychology in the workplace

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2
Q

What is the goal of IO Psychology?

A

Increased productivity and well being of the employees

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3
Q

What are the two approaches of IO?

A

Industrial Approach

Organization Approach

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4
Q

What is Industrial approach?

A

Increases competencies thru trainings

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5
Q

What is organization approach?

A

Making organization structures to perform well

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6
Q

What are the three major fields of IO?

A

Personnell Psychology
Organizational Psychology
Human Factor/Ergonomics

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7
Q

What is personell psychology?

A

A field of IO that is designed to analyze jobs and study what the employees does
Construct performance-appraisal instruments

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8
Q

What is organization psychology?

A

A field of IO that designed to increased organization motivation and know the organization strengths and weaknesses.

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9
Q

What is Human Factor/Ergonomics?

A

A field of IO that deals with the workplace design, human machine interactions, ergonomics, physical fatigue and stress

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10
Q

What year did the IO started?

A

No clear date but it is said that it was started on 1990s

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11
Q

Who wrote the book “The theory of Advertising” in 1903?

A

Walter Dill

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12
Q

Who wrote the book “Psychology and Industrial Efficiency” in 1910?

A

Hugo Munsterberg

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13
Q

When did IO mase its biggest impact?

A

It was during WWI due to IO psychologists that was assigned to test the soldiers using the army alpha and army beta tests.

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14
Q

Who improved the productivity and reduced fatigue by studying motions used by workers?

A

Frank and Lillian Gilberths, couple.

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15
Q

What is Hawthorne studies?

A

It refers to the interpersonal interactions of the managers and employees that played a tremendous role in employee behavior.

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16
Q

What is Hawthorne Effect?

A

It is an effect that an employee changes behavior and increased productivity because of being observed by the manager.

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17
Q

Who wrote the book “Beyond Freedom and Dignity”?

A

B. F Skinner

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18
Q

What are the four major changes in the 1980s - 1990s?

A
  1. Increased used of statistical techniques and methods of analysis
  2. New interest in the application of cognitive psychology to industry
  3. Increased interest in the effects of work on family and leisure activities
  4. Renewed the methods of selecting employees
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19
Q

What is the greatest influence in 2000s for IO?

A

The modern technology

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20
Q

What is the importance of reseaech in IO?

A

It saves organization money

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21
Q

What are the five consideration in conducting research?

A
  1. Know what to research
  2. Create hypothesis
  3. Find literature review
  4. Decide if u will conduct the research to laboratory or in field.
  5. Determine type of research method
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22
Q

What are the three sources for literature review? Explain each.

A

Journal - articles written by researchers
Bridge publication - “bridge the gap” between academia and applied world
Trade Magazine - professional writers in their fields

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23
Q

What is hypothesis

A

Educated prediction or guess

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24
Q

What is experiment?

A

A test to used to know the cause and effect relationship

25
Q

What are the two variables in experiment?

A

Independent and dependent variables

26
Q

What is independent variable?

A

Variable that is manipulated by the researcher

27
Q

What is dependent variable?

A

Variable that is changed by the independent variable

28
Q

What is the disadvantage of laboratory research?

A

External validity or generalizability

29
Q

What is the disadvantage of field research?

A

It loses its control due to extraneous variables and ethical dilemma (no informed consent)

30
Q

What are the two characteristics of experiment?

A
  1. Manipulation

2. random assignment of subjects

31
Q

What is meta-analysis?

A

A method of collecting all articles and reviewing the literatures and statistical treatment.
Getting one mean from all the means of the article.

32
Q

What is mean effect size?

A

It is the effectiveness of the mean

33
Q

What is correlation coefficient?

A

Known as r. It is used by the researcher to know the relationship of the two variables.

34
Q

What is difference score?

A

Known as d. It is used by the researcher to know the difference of two groups.

35
Q

What are the rules of thumb?

A

.40
.40 - .80
.80+

36
Q

What does .40 means?

A

Small

37
Q

What does .40 - .80 means?

A

Moderate

38
Q

What does .80+ means?

A

Large

39
Q

What is the average size used in organization intervention?

A

.44

40
Q

How to apply effect in a particular situation?

A
  1. Know the SD

2. SD x effect size from the meta-analysis

41
Q

What does p means?

A

It means rho. It is also known as corrected correlation or true correlation.

42
Q

What is statistical analysis?

A

It is used to prove that the result is correct and not by chance alone.

43
Q

What does less than .5 means?

A

It is a level of significance. It means that it is significant.

44
Q

Why does a correlation coefficient not indicates cause-effect relationship?

A

Because of the intervening variable.

45
Q

What is the result of correlational analysis?

A

Correlational coefficient or r

46
Q

How do you say that it is a + correlation and -correlation?

A

If it is further the zero. The two variables are directly proportional.

47
Q

What are two ethical dillemma? Explain and give example of each.

A 
Type A and Type B Dillemma
Type A - High level of uncertainty of what is morally upright. Example using animals for drug testing.
Type B - Rationalized dillemma. You make rationalization because you know other do it also. Example, cheating in class for once.
48
Q

A research method which select groups that variable is tested, without any random pre selection process

A

Quasi - Experiment

49
Q

A research method which has a previous record collected to answer the questions

A

Archival Research

50
Q

A research method which ask the opinion of people

A

Survey

51
Q

A research method which is used to understand organizational culture through artifacts

A

Ethnography

52
Q

A research method which has 6 - 12 participants to provide input about a specific topic

A

Focused Group Discussion (FGD)

53
Q

A research method which gather the data from group rather than individual

A

Nominal Group Technique

54
Q

A way to understand people’s
deeply held attitude and motivations that would not
be directly verbalized.

A

Projective Technique

55
Q

I is typically use a combination
of quantitative and qualitative methods to describe or
examine a particular phenomenon.

A

Case studies

56
Q

The changing nature of work

A

First trend

57
Q

Expanding focus on human resources

A

Second trend

58
Q

Increasing diversity in workforce

A

Third trend

59
Q

Increasing globalization in business

A

Fourth trend

I/O PSYCHOLOGY (4 decks)

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