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Anatomy Exam 1 > Chapter 1- Intro > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology

A

Functions of anatomical structures

Individual and cooperative functions

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2
Q

Gross anatomy

A

Macroscopic anatomy, examines large visible structures

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3
Q

Gross anatomy

SURFACE ANATOMY

A

Exteriors features

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4
Q

Gross anatomy

REGIONAL ANATOMY

A

Body ares

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5
Q

Gross anatomy

SYSTEMIC ANATOMY

A

Groups of organs working together

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6
Q

Gross anatomy

DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY

A

From conception to death

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7
Q

Gross anatomy

CLINICAL ANATOMY

A

Medical specialties

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8
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Examines cells and molecules

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9
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells and their structures

cyt=cell

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10
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues and their structures

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11
Q

The chemical (or molecular) level

A

Atoms are the smallest chemical units

Molecules are a group of atoms working together

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12
Q

The cellular level

A

Cells are a group of atoms, molecules, and organelles working together

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13
Q

The tissue level

A

A groups of similar cells working together

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14
Q

The organ level

A

A group of different tissues working together

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15
Q

The organ system level

A

A group of organs working together

Humans have 11 organ systems

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16
Q

The organism level

A

A human is an organism

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17
Q

Integumentary system

ORGANS

A

Skin
Hair
Sweat glands
Nails

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18
Q

Integumentary system

FUNCTIONS

A

Protects against environmental hazards
Regulate body temp
Sensory information

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19
Q

Skeletal system

ORGANS

A

Bones
Cartilage
Associated ligaments
Bone marrow

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20
Q

Skeletal system

FUNCTIONS

A

Support and protection
Stores calcium and other minerals
Forms blood cells

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21
Q

Muscular system

ORGANS

A

Skeletal muscle and associated tendons

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22
Q

Muscular system

FUNCTIONS

A

Provides movement
Provides protection and support
Generates heat to maintain body temp

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23
Q

Nervous system

ORGANS

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Peripheral nerves
Sense organs

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24
Q

Nervous system

FUNCTIONS

A

Directs immediate response to stimuli
Coordinates and moderates activities of other organ systems
Provides and interprets sensory information about external conditions

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25
Q

Endocrine system

ORGANS

A 
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Pancreas
Suprarenal gland
Gonads
Endocrine tissues in other systems
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26
Q

Endocrine system

FUNCTIONS

A

Directs long term changes in other organ systems
Adjust metabolic activity and energy use
Controls many structural and functional changes during development

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27
Q

Cardiovascular system

ORGANS

A

Heart
Blood
Blood vessels

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28
Q

Cardiovascular system

FUNCTIONS

A

Distributes heat in control of body temp

Distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials (nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

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29
Q

Lymphoid system

ORGANS

A 
Spleen
Thymus 
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
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30
Q

Lymphoid system

FUNCTIONS

A

Defends against infection and disease

Returns fluids to bloodstream

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31
Q

Respiratory system

ORGANS

A 
Nasal cavities
Sinuses
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
Alveoli
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32
Q

Respiratory system

FUNCTIONS

A

Delivers air to alveoli(gas exchange)
Oxygen to bloodstream
Carbon dioxide out of bloodstream
Sounds for communication

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33
Q

Digestive system

ORGANS

A 
Teeth
Tongue
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach 
Small&Large intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
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34
Q

Digestive system

FUNCTIONS

A

Processes and digests food
Absorbs and conserves water
Absorbs nutrients
Stores energy reserves

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35
Q

Urinary system

ORGANS

A

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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36
Q

Urinary system

FUNCTIONS

A

Excretes waste products from the blood
Controls water balance by urine produced
Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
Regulates blood ion and pH

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37
Q

Male reproductive system

ORGANS

A 
Testes
Epididymides
Ductus deferens
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Penis
Scrotum
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38
Q

Male reproductive system

FUNCTIONS

A

Produce male sex cells, suspending fluids, and hormones

Sexual intercourse

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39
Q

Female reproductive system

ORGANS

A 
Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina
Labia
Clitoris
Mammary gland
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40
Q

Female reproductive system

FUNCTIONS

A

Produce female sex cells, and hormones
Supports developing embryo
Provides milk for infant
Sexual intercourse

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41
Q

Homeostasis

A

All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment regardless of conditions outside the body

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42
Q

Normal range (of the body)

A

Temp: 37C
Blood glucose: 0.1%
pH: 7.4
Blood pressure: 120/80

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43
Q

Autoregulation (intrinsic)

A

Automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to some environmental change

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44
Q

Extrinsic regulation

A

Responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems

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45
Q

Receptor

A

Receives the stimulus

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46
Q

Control center

A

Processes the signal and sends instructions

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47
Q

Effector

A

Carries out instructions

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48
Q

Negative feedback

A

The response of the effector negates the stimulus

BODY IS BROUGHT BACK TO HOMEOSTASIS

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49
Q

Positive feedback

A

The response of the effector increase change in stimulus

BODY IS MOVED AWAY FROM HOMEOSTASIS

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50
Q

Anatomical position

A

Hands at side

palms forward

51
Q

Supine

A

Lying down

Face up

52
Q

Prone

A

Lying down

Face down

53
Q

Anatomical landmarks

A

References to palpable structures

54
Q

Anatomical regions

A

Body regions
Abdominopelvic quadrants
Abdominopelvic regions

55
Q

Anatomical directions

A

Reference terms based on subject

56
Q

Anatomy

A

The structure of the body

57
Q

Forehead

A

frontal

58
Q

Head

A

cephalic

59
Q

Mouth

A

oral

60
Q

Chin

A

mental

61
Q

Armpit

A

axillary

62
Q

Arm

A

brachial

63
Q

Front of elbow

A

antecubital

64
Q

Nose

A

nasal

65
Q

Eye

A

ocular/orbital

66
Q

Ear

A

otic

67
Q

Cheek

A

buccal

68
Q

Neck

A

cerivcal

69
Q

Chest

A

Thoracis or thorax

70
Q

Breast

A

Mammary

71
Q

Abdomen

A

Abdominal

72
Q

Navel

A

Umbilical

73
Q

Forearm

A

Antebrachial

74
Q

Wrist

A

Carpal

75
Q

Palm

A

Palmar

76
Q

Thumb

A

Pollex

77
Q

Fingers

A

Digits/Phalanges

78
Q

Kneecap

A

Patellar

79
Q

Leg

A

Crural

80
Q

Ankle

A

Tarsal

81
Q

Toes

A

Digits/Phalanges

82
Q

Great Toe

A

Hallux

83
Q

Hand

A

Manual

84
Q

Groin

A

Inguinal

85
Q

Thigh

A

Femoral

86
Q

Foot

A

Pedal

87
Q

Back

A

Dorsal

88
Q

Back of elbow

A

Olecranal

89
Q

Loin

A

Lumbar

90
Q

Buttock

A

Gluteal

91
Q

Back of knee

A

Popliteal

92
Q

Calf

A

Sural

93
Q

Heel of foot

A

Calcaneal

94
Q

Sole of foot

A

Plantar

95
Q

Anterior

A

The front

96
Q

Ventral

A

The belly side

97
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

The back

98
Q

Cranial (cephalic)

A

The head

99
Q

Superior

A

Above

100
Q

Caudal

A

The tail

101
Q

Inferior

A

Below

102
Q

Medial

A

Toward the midsagittal plane

103
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midsagittal plane

104
Q

Proximal

A

Toward attached base

105
Q

Distal

A

Away from an attached base

106
Q

Superficial

A

At,near, or relatively close to the body surface

107
Q

Deep

A

Farther from body surface

108
Q

Plane

A

Three dimensional axis

109
Q

Section

A

A slice parallel to a plane

110
Q

Transverse plane

A

Superior and inferior portions

111
Q

Sagittal plane

mid and para sagittal

A

Right and left portions

112
Q

Frontal plane

A

Anterior and posterior section

113
Q

Serous membranes

A

Line body cavities and cover organs

114
Q

Parietal layer

of serious membrane

A

Lines cavity

115
Q

Visceral layer

of serious membrane

A

Covers organs

116
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Right and left pleural cavities

Right and left lung

117
Q

Mediastinum

Thoracic cavity

A

Upper portion has blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus

Lower portion has pericardial cavity (heart)

118
Q

Peritoneal cavity

Abdominal cavity

A

Chamber within abdominopelvic cavity

119
Q

Parietal peritoneum

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Lines the internal body wall

120
Q

Visceral peritoneum

Abdominopelvic cavity

A

Covers the organs

121
Q

Palpation

A

The examiner feels the body surface with the hands

122
Q

Ausculation

A

The examiner listens to body sounds to evaluate the functioning of organs

123
Q

Percussion

A

The examiner taps on the body surface with the fingertips and listens to the resulting echo

Anatomy Exam 1 (3 decks)

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