Chapter 1 - Intro Flashcards
What are the aims of research in abnormal child psych? (4)
1) defining what is normal and what is abnormal
2) identifying causes/correlations
3) making predictions about long term outcomes
4) developing/evaluating methods of treatment/prevention
What are important factors about a child that should be considered when defining normal/abnormal? (3)
1) age
2) sex
3) ethnicity/culture
What is the 1st step towards understanding the nature of a child’s problems?
describing the problem & its harm/impairments
What are features that distinguish child & adolescent disorders from adult disorders? (4)
1) it is not often clear whose “problem” it is (adults or child, treatment not voluntary)
2) involve a failure to show expected developmental progress (abnormal)
3) problems are not entirely abnormal
4) Interventions are intended to promote further development, rather restoring to a previous level of functioning
Who thought abnormal children were an economic burden and a social embarrassment?
ancient Greeks/Romans
How would the ancient Greek and Roman deal with abnormal children?
abandoned or put to death
Why was pre-18th century view on abnormal children harsh?
ppl thought abnormal kids
1) would die
2) were possessed
3) were parents property
What did the Massachusetts Stubborn Child Act of 1654 permit parents to do to misbehaved/stubborn children?
kill them
When did interest in abnormal children surface?
mid 18th century
When were children with mental disabilities allowed to be put in cages?
mid 18th century
What was John Locke’s philosophy on raising children?
should be raised with thought and care, not harsh treatment & indifference
Who thought children should be given educational opportunities?
John Locke
Who was Victor of Averyon?
feral child found in woods
Who cared/documented Victor of Averyon?
Jean-Marc Itard
What did Leta Hollingworth’s beliefs help distinguish?
the difference between imbecile and lunatics
What did Leta Hollingworth believe?
mentally defective kids were just suffering from maltreatment and intellectual challenges
What is the difference bw lunatic and imbecile?
lunatic (psychiatric disorder)
imbecile (mentally retarded)
Why did Benjamin Rush believe children were incapable of adult like insanity?
bc of their developing brains
What is “moral insanity” and who coined the term?
Benjamin rush; normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behaviour
What was the moral insanity view replaced by?
the organic disease model
Why was the organic disease model a good thing?
more humane treatment
Why was the organic disease model a bad thing?
increased stigma (ppl thought they could get infected)
What did Clifford Beers aim to do?
detection & intervention
The view that mental disorders were diseases & fear of contamination lead to what?
- eugenics (sterilization)
- segregation (institutionalization)
The psychoanalytic theory linked mental disorders to what?
childhood experiences
What did Anna Freud and Melanie Klein notice about childhood symptoms that were different than adult symptoms?
- more related to developmental stages (psychoanalytic theory)
What is nosolgies?
effort to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive categories
Which theory used empirical/evidence based treatments: psychoanalytic or behaviourism?
behaviourism
Which theory is based off of Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning experiment: psychoanalytic or behaviourism?
behaviourism
Who was Little Albert and what theory developed from his experiments?
theory of emotions & children’s fear: conditioned him to fear white rats by pairing it w loud noise
Treatment in 1930s-1950s would most likely have been:
institutionalized
Treatment in 1945-1965 would most likely have been:
foster group homes, behavioural therapy
Treatment in today would most likely be:
behavioural therapy
What does IDEA stand for?
Individuals w Disabilities Education Act
What did IDEA provide for abnormal kids?
free & appropriate education, culturally appropriate tests, individualized education program for each kid (IEP)
What did the UN gen assembly of 2007 provide?
- protect rights of ppl w disabilities
- enact laws to improve their rights/disable discrim laws
If a loved one had just died and you became depressed, would you be defined as having a psychological disorder?
no bc this reaction is expected
If you scored outside a norm for a psych disorder test, would you be defined as having that disorder?
no bc also need to see impairment
Normal developmental task of infants/preschoolers would be:
attachment to caregivers
language
differentiation of self from env
self control & compliance
Normal developmental task of middle childhood age kids would be:
school adjustment
moral social rule following
academic achievement
peer acceptance
Normal developmental task for teens would be:
transitioned well into HS academic achievement sense of self close relationships (both genders) extra curriculars
1 factor leading to different problems would be:
multifinality
many factors leading to one problem would be:
equifinality
Characteristics of resilience for the child as an individual would be:
intellectual
appealing, sociable, easy going
self-effiacy, confidence, esteem
talents, faith
Characteristics of a resilient family of a child would be:
close relationships
authoritative parents
SES advantages
connections to a network
Characteristics of resilience for the child’s school/community would be:
parental figures
social connections
school attendance
1 in ____ children have significant mental health issues:
8 (including toddlers and infants), many others at risk
Poverty & SES are linked to more _____ problems and _____ disorders.
conduct; emotional
Externalizing problems are more common in boys. List 3.
ADHD
autism
disruptive disorders
Internalizing problems are more common in girls. List 3.
anxiety
teen depression
eating disorders
When controlling for other affects (SES, age, gender), does race & ethnicity play a role in higher development of mental disorders?
NO
How does culture affect children’s mental health problems?
reactions & expression
______ cases of child abuse in USA; _____ cases in Canada
1 million; 80 000
_____ of kids (12-16 yrs) have PTSD from abuse.
1/3 (6 million)
How much does abuse cost the USA?
$18 million
What is the best way to prevent child abuse?
regular in home nurse visits
