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Psych 2042 > Chapter 1 - Intro > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the aims of research in abnormal child psych? (4)

A

1) defining what is normal and what is abnormal
2) identifying causes/correlations
3) making predictions about long term outcomes
4) developing/evaluating methods of treatment/prevention

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2
Q

What are important factors about a child that should be considered when defining normal/abnormal? (3)

A

1) age
2) sex
3) ethnicity/culture

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3
Q

What is the 1st step towards understanding the nature of a child’s problems?

A

describing the problem & its harm/impairments

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4
Q

What are features that distinguish child & adolescent disorders from adult disorders? (4)

A

1) it is not often clear whose “problem” it is (adults or child, treatment not voluntary)
2) involve a failure to show expected developmental progress (abnormal)
3) problems are not entirely abnormal
4) Interventions are intended to promote further development, rather restoring to a previous level of functioning

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5
Q

Who thought abnormal children were an economic burden and a social embarrassment?

A

ancient Greeks/Romans

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6
Q

How would the ancient Greek and Roman deal with abnormal children?

A

abandoned or put to death

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7
Q

Why was pre-18th century view on abnormal children harsh?

A

ppl thought abnormal kids

1) would die
2) were possessed
3) were parents property

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8
Q

What did the Massachusetts Stubborn Child Act of 1654 permit parents to do to misbehaved/stubborn children?

A

kill them

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9
Q

When did interest in abnormal children surface?

A

mid 18th century

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10
Q

When were children with mental disabilities allowed to be put in cages?

A

mid 18th century

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11
Q

What was John Locke’s philosophy on raising children?

A

should be raised with thought and care, not harsh treatment & indifference

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12
Q

Who thought children should be given educational opportunities?

A

John Locke

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13
Q

Who was Victor of Averyon?

A

feral child found in woods

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14
Q

Who cared/documented Victor of Averyon?

A

Jean-Marc Itard

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15
Q

What did Leta Hollingworth’s beliefs help distinguish?

A

the difference between imbecile and lunatics

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16
Q

What did Leta Hollingworth believe?

A

mentally defective kids were just suffering from maltreatment and intellectual challenges

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17
Q

What is the difference bw lunatic and imbecile?

A

lunatic (psychiatric disorder)

imbecile (mentally retarded)

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18
Q

Why did Benjamin Rush believe children were incapable of adult like insanity?

A

bc of their developing brains

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19
Q

What is “moral insanity” and who coined the term?

A

Benjamin rush; normal cognitive abilities but disturbing behaviour

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20
Q

What was the moral insanity view replaced by?

A

the organic disease model

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21
Q

Why was the organic disease model a good thing?

A

more humane treatment

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22
Q

Why was the organic disease model a bad thing?

A

increased stigma (ppl thought they could get infected)

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23
Q

What did Clifford Beers aim to do?

A

detection & intervention

24
Q

The view that mental disorders were diseases & fear of contamination lead to what?

A
  • eugenics (sterilization)

- segregation (institutionalization)

25
Q

The psychoanalytic theory linked mental disorders to what?

A

childhood experiences

26
Q

What did Anna Freud and Melanie Klein notice about childhood symptoms that were different than adult symptoms?

A
  • more related to developmental stages (psychoanalytic theory)
27
Q

What is nosolgies?

A

effort to classify psychiatric disorders into descriptive categories

28
Q

Which theory used empirical/evidence based treatments: psychoanalytic or behaviourism?

A

behaviourism

29
Q

Which theory is based off of Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning experiment: psychoanalytic or behaviourism?

A

behaviourism

30
Q

Who was Little Albert and what theory developed from his experiments?

A

theory of emotions & children’s fear: conditioned him to fear white rats by pairing it w loud noise

31
Q

Treatment in 1930s-1950s would most likely have been:

A

institutionalized

32
Q

Treatment in 1945-1965 would most likely have been:

A

foster group homes, behavioural therapy

33
Q

Treatment in today would most likely be:

A

behavioural therapy

34
Q

What does IDEA stand for?

A

Individuals w Disabilities Education Act

35
Q

What did IDEA provide for abnormal kids?

A

free & appropriate education, culturally appropriate tests, individualized education program for each kid (IEP)

36
Q

What did the UN gen assembly of 2007 provide?

A
  • protect rights of ppl w disabilities

- enact laws to improve their rights/disable discrim laws

37
Q

If a loved one had just died and you became depressed, would you be defined as having a psychological disorder?

A

no bc this reaction is expected

38
Q

If you scored outside a norm for a psych disorder test, would you be defined as having that disorder?

A

no bc also need to see impairment

39
Q

Normal developmental task of infants/preschoolers would be:

A

attachment to caregivers
language
differentiation of self from env
self control & compliance

40
Q

Normal developmental task of middle childhood age kids would be:

A

school adjustment
moral social rule following
academic achievement
peer acceptance

41
Q

Normal developmental task for teens would be:

A 
transitioned well into HS 
academic achievement 
sense of self
close relationships (both genders) 
extra curriculars
42
Q

1 factor leading to different problems would be:

A

multifinality

43
Q

many factors leading to one problem would be:

A

equifinality

44
Q

Characteristics of resilience for the child as an individual would be:

A

intellectual
appealing, sociable, easy going
self-effiacy, confidence, esteem
talents, faith

45
Q

Characteristics of a resilient family of a child would be:

A

close relationships
authoritative parents
SES advantages
connections to a network

46
Q

Characteristics of resilience for the child’s school/community would be:

A

parental figures
social connections
school attendance

47
Q

1 in ____ children have significant mental health issues:

A

8 (including toddlers and infants), many others at risk

48
Q

Poverty & SES are linked to more _____ problems and _____ disorders.

A

conduct; emotional

49
Q

Externalizing problems are more common in boys. List 3.

A

ADHD
autism
disruptive disorders

50
Q

Internalizing problems are more common in girls. List 3.

A

anxiety
teen depression
eating disorders

51
Q

When controlling for other affects (SES, age, gender), does race & ethnicity play a role in higher development of mental disorders?

A

NO

52
Q

How does culture affect children’s mental health problems?

A

reactions & expression

53
Q

______ cases of child abuse in USA; _____ cases in Canada

A

1 million; 80 000

54
Q

_____ of kids (12-16 yrs) have PTSD from abuse.

A

1/3 (6 million)

55
Q

How much does abuse cost the USA?

A

$18 million

56
Q

What is the best way to prevent child abuse?

A

regular in home nurse visits

Psych 2042 (4 decks)

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