Chapter 1: Into to Microbiology

Question 1

Name the 6 major groups of microorganisms

Answer 1

Bacteria, Algae, Protoza, Helminth, Fungi, Virus

Question 2

Define eukaryote

Answer 2

cells that have a nucleus

Question 3

Define pathogen

Answer 3

any agent that causes disease

Question 4

Define prokaryote

Answer 4

cells without a nucleus

Question 5

List and describe three branches of microbiology.

Answer 5

Medical Microbiology: Deals with microbes that cause disease in humans

Immunology: studies the interaction of protective substances and how cells respond to infection

Public Health Microbiology and Epidemiology: monitor/control the spread of disease in communities

Question 6

Give three examples of eukaryotic organelles.

Answer 6

Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane

Question 7

Why are helminths (worms) considered in the study of microbiology?

Answer 7

They are transmitted, and the human body reacts to helminths similarly to bacteria.

Question 8

True/False: Microscopic organisms produce more oxygen than plants.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Define evolution

Answer 9

A collection of change that occur in an organism to adapt to its environment

Question 10

Define theory

Answer 10

a conclusion or explanation created through a series of observation, facts, and hypotheses that has been studies over years

Question 11

True/False: More than 50% of the microbes on the planet live below the Earth’s crust.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

How are the names of bacteria assigned and abbreviated?

Answer 12

They are assigned a name using a genus and species.

Question 13

What are the eight taxonomic categories?

Answer 13

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Question 14

Name the characteristics of prokaryotes

Answer 14

microscopic, unicellular organisms, lack nuclei and membrane-bound organelles

Question 15

Name characteristics of eukaryotes

Answer 15

unicellular or multicellular, nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Question 16

Name characteristics of viruses

Answer 16

Acellular, parasitic particles composed of a nucleic acid and protein

Question 17

How do microbes impact the earth?

Answer 17

They are deeply involved in the flow of energy. Ex: bacteria evolved from anoxygenic photosynthesis to oxygenic photosynthesis

Question 18

True/False: All microbes cause disease

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Define nomenclature

Answer 19

a system of terms and rules within a certain field

Question 20

Define taxonomy

Answer 20

the science of classifying living things

Question 21

Define classification

Answer 21

categorizes organisms using taxonomy

Question 22

Define identification

Answer 22

recognizing traits of organisms to fit into a classified group

Question 23

Describe the Aseptic Technique

Answer 23

Practice of maintaining a pathogen-free environment

Question 24

What is the Scientific Method?

Answer 24

A general approach to explain a natural phenomenon. It consists of a hypothesis, reasoning, and experimentation.

Question 25

How are bacteria/archaea different from eukaryotes?

Answer 25

• 10x smaller than eukaryotes
• They are prokaryotes meaning they are unicellular, lack membrane-bound organelles, and have no nucleus

Question 26

Name three products produced by genetically modified organisms that benefit humans.

Answer 26

Drug, Hormones, and Enzymes

Question 27

Why is there a difference between the top 10 causes of death in the U.S. versus worldwide?

Answer 27

Worldwide there are more diseases caused by microbes that lead to death such as HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis