Chapter 1 Importance of ATP

Question 1

What is catabolism?

Answer 1

The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules.

Question 2

What is an anabolism?

Answer 2

Any reaction that involves the synthesis of molecules.

Question 3

Describe the structure of ATP

Answer 3

Ribose sugar - pentose
Adenine - nitrogenous bade
3 phosphate groups

Question 4

Why is ATP described as universal?

Answer 4

It is used in all cells of all living organisms

Question 5

How does ATP release energy?

Answer 5

The enzyme ATPase hydrolyses the bond between the second and third phosphate groups, removing the third one. This produces ADP and a phosphate ion with the release of chemical energy.

Question 6

How much energy is produced by ATP?

Answer 6

30.6 KJ/mol

Question 7

Why is ATP suited to its role?

Answer 7

Inert
Small
Soluble 
Releases energy efficiently 
Easily hydrolysed
Easily reformed by phosphorylation

Question 8

What are the types of phosphorylation?

Answer 8

Oxidative phosphorylation
Photo phosphorylation
Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 9

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 9

The combination of ADP and a phosphate ion through a condensation reaction to produce ATP.

Question 10

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 10

The flow of protons down an electrochemical gradient through ATPsynthetase coupled with ADP and a phosphate ion.