Chapter 1 HAPLEC Flashcards by Heidi Manansala

Study of structure and function of the human body

Human anatomy and physiology

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Scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body

Anatomy

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Study of body systems ( cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal)

Systemic anatomy

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Study of organization of the body by areas

Regional anatomy

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General way to examine internal structures that studies the external features

Surface Anatomy

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Gen ways to examine internal structures that involves the use of xray ultrasound magnetic resonance imaging MRI

Anatomical imaging

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Study of nature; scientific discipline that deals with the process or functions of living things

Physiology

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Major goals of physiology

To understand and predict the bodys response to stimuli; to understand how the nody maintains conditions within a narrow range of values

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Study of specific organism

Human physiology

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STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN BODY

Chemical level; cell level; tissue level; organ level; organ system level; organism level

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Involves how atoms interacts and combine into molecules

Chemical level

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Basic structural snd functional units of organisms

Cell

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Small structures that make up cells

Organelles

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A molecule cells use for a source of energy

ATP

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Group of similar cells

Tissue

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Compose of two or more tissue tyoed to perform one or more common functions

Organ

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Grp of orgams classifies as a unit

Organ system

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Living thing considered as a whole

Organism

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CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE

Organization, metabolism, responsiveness,growth,development, reproduction /// differentiation?

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Charac.of life// specificnterrelationships among the parts of an organisms and how those parts interact

Organization

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Ability to use energy to perform vital functions. Duch as growth, movement and repro.

Metabolism

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Ability of an organism to semse changes in the environment

Responsiveness

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Refers to an increase of size of all or part of the organism

Growtj

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Changes in organism undergoes through time; begins with fertilization and ends to death

Development

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Change in cell structure and function from generalized to specialized

Differentiation

Doemation of new cells or new organisms

Reproduction

Conditin which body functions, body fluids , and other factors of the internal environment are maintained w/in a range of values suitable to support life

Homeostatis

Maintains homeostatis;

Negative feedback

3 receptors of negative feedback

Receptor- monitors the value of a variable Control center - establishes set point around variable Effector- changes the value of the variable

initiates a homeostatic mechanism

Stimulus

Occurs when the initial stimulus further syimulates the response; make deviations from normal even greater

Positive feedback mechanism

Moderm term for bloodletting

Phlebotomy

Overabundance of rbcs

Polycythemia

Refers to a lerson standing erect with the face directed forward, the upper limbs hanging to the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward

Anatomical position

A peraon lying face upward is called

Supine

A person lying face downward

Prone

Refers to a part cut in a plane

Section

Referring to an imagined flat surface

Plane

3 anatomical planes

Sagittal, frontal(coronal), horizontal(transverse)

Reproduction, naturing of offspring

Female repro

Continuation of genes

Male repro

Excretion of wastes --kidneys ureters

Urinary

Breakdown and absorption of nutrients

Digestive

Gas exhange or acid base bal

Respiratory

Immunity and fluid balance

Lymphatic

Exchange and transport of materials

Cardiovascular

Control or regulation of other system

Endocrine

Control or regulation/ sensation/memory

Nervous

Movement, postire heat production

Muscular

Support protection movement blood repro fat storage

Skeletal

Protection, temp regulation, sensation

Integumentary

Organs located at right hypochondriac

Liver, gall bladder, right kidney

Organs located at right lumbar

Left kidney, descending colon, small intestine

Organs located at right iliac( inguinal)

Appendix, cecum, small intestine

Organs located at epigastric region

Stomach, pancreas, duodenum

Organs located at umbilical

Kidneys, small and large instestines, major abdominal vessels

Organs located at hypogastric region

Urinary bladder, small instestine, sigmoid colon, femal rep organ

what region can you find spleen?

Left hypochondriac

Cuts the body into anterior and posterior parts

Frontal plane

Dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

Transverse or horizontal plane

Separets the body into left and right

Sagittal

Cuts the body into EQUAL left and right

Mid sagittal

Divides the body into NOT EQUAL parts

Parasagittal

Soaces et the body that helps to fill the spaces

Body cavity

2major body cavities

Ventral and dorsal body cavities

Bosy cavities

Cranial, spinal, thoracic, pleural, mediastinum, sbdominopelvic, sbdominal, pelvic

Surrounded by the rib vahe and is separated from the abdominal cavity by the muscular diaphragm.

Thoracic cavity

Median structure where you can find heart thymus trachea esophagus

Mediastinum

Contains stomach intestines liver blabla

Abdominal cavity

Line the trunk cavities and cover the cavities

Serous membranes

Covers the heart

Visceral pericardium

Surrounds the heart

Pericardial cavity

Surrounds each lung

Pleural cavity

Serous membrane lined cavity

Peritoneal

Inflammation of perocardium

Pericarditis

Inflammation of the pleura

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Peritonitis

Consists of two layers or peritoneum fused together; anchor the organs to the body wall and provide a pathway nerves and blood vessels to resch the organs

Mesenteries