Chapter 1 Grammar Flashcards

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1
Q

Verb Personal Endings

A
  • -o or -m (laudō)
  • -s (laudās)
  • -t (laudat)
  • -mus (laudāmus)
  • -tis (laudātis)
  • -nt (laudant)
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2
Q

Present Verbs: First and Second Conjugation

(4 conjugations total)

A
  • to find the present stem, drop the -re from inf. form

First Conjugation:

  • stem vowel = ā (laudā-re)

Second Conjugation:

  • stem vowel = ē (monē-re)
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3
Q

Present Active Indicative of laudāre

A
  • laudō
  • laudās
  • laudat
  • laudāmus
  • laudātis
  • laudant
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4
Q

Present Active Indicative of monēre

A
  • moneō
  • monēs
  • monet
  • monēmus
  • monētis
  • monent
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5
Q

3 Possible Translations for Present Active Indicative

A

laudāre

  1. simple present: they praise me
  2. progressive present: they are praising me
  3. emphatic present: they do praise me
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6
Q

Disappearing Macron Rule:

A

vowels normally long are regular shortened when they occur:

  1. immediately before another vowel (monēre: *monēō -> moneō)
  2. before -m, -r, or -t at the end of a word (laudāre: *laudāt -> laudat)
  3. before -nt or -nd in any position (laudāre: *laudānt -> laudant)

NOTE: first conjugation (-ā) verbs stem vowel disappears entirely (not just shortned): *laudāō->laudō

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7
Q

Long Syllables

(two kinds)

A

long by nature:

  • contains a vowel or dipthong
  • lau-
  • sae-pe

long by position:

  • a short vowel followed by 2 or more consonants
    • x = 2 consonants (k+s)
  • ser-vat
  • sa-pi-_en_-tia
  • ax-is
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8
Q

Present Active Imperative

A
  • 2nd Singular: identical to present stem
    • laudāre -> laudā!
    • monēre -> monē!
  • 2nd Plural: [present stem] + te
    • laudāre -> laudā + te -> laudāte!
    • monēre -> monē + te -> monēte!
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9
Q

Verbs and Agreement

A

a verb must agree with its subject in person and number

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