Chapter 1 Grammar Flashcards
The 6 forms of the verb “to love”
amo (I love)
amas (you love)
amat (he / she / it loves)
amamus (we love)
amatis (you love)
amant (they love)
All conjugations use the same personal
endings, -ō, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt, and the same infinitive ending, -re.
Imperative singular for “love!”
ama
Imperative plural for “love!”
amate
What is a conjugation?
a group of verbs that form their tenses in the same way
What is the stem vowel of the first conjugation?
a
What is the stem vowel of the 2nd conjugation?
e
What is the stem vowel of the 4th conjugation?
i
What are the paradigm verbs used for the 5 conjugations in this class?
amare (1st)
monere (2nd)
mittere (3rd)
audire (4th)
capere (3rd i-stem)
Imperative of moneo (2nd conjugation)
mone (sing.)
monete (pl.)
Imperative of mitto (3rd conjugation)
mitte (sing.)
mittite (pl.)
Imperative of audio (4th conjugation)
audi (sing.)
audite (pl.)
Imperative of capio (3rd conjugation i-stem)
cape (sing.)
capite (pl.)
Always use the negative commands “noli” or “nolite” with . . .
the appropriate INFINITIVE (e.g. amere)
Differences in 3rd pl. for different conjugations
1st: ant
2nd: ent
3rd: unt
4th: iunt
3rd i-stem: iunt
What are the 4 moods of Latin verbs?
- indicative
- subjunctive
- imperative
- infinitive
The infinitive verb is almost always. . .
used with another, conjugated verb - it rarely stand alone
Difference b/w subjunctive and indicative
the indicative is used for events or situations that actually happen, whereas the subjunctive is used when an event or situation is somehow doubtful or unreal
What are the 2 voices of Latin verbs?
active
passive
What are the 6 tenses of Latin verbs?
present
future
imperfect
perfect
future perfect
pluperfect
When can you tell which conjugation the verb belongs to?
If you know both the first person singular of the present indicative active (amō) and the present infinitive active (amāre), then you can tell which conjugation the verb belongs to.
What is special about the verb “do”?
dō, dare, dedī, datum 1: Unlike all other 1st conjugation verbs, dare has a short a in the present infinitive, and in the 1st and 2nd person plural, damus and datis.
Translate “I ought to listen”
audīre dēbeō
Latin does NOT use habēre to express need or obligation
“I have to listen” is audīre dēbeō (NOT audire habeo)
Which verbs from this chapter do not have a 4th principal part?
timeo
bibo
metuo
