Chapter 1 - Fundamental Concepts

Question 1

What do we use to address changes in our areas

Answer 1

Cognitive and social change

Question 2

Define: - motor dev

• motor learning
• motor behavior
• motor control
• physical growth
• physiological maturation
• aging

Answer 2

• Motor dev = dev of movement abilities, continuos and age related, interact w/ constraints in indiv, enviro, and tasks that drive change
• Motor learning = movement changes That are relatively permanent gains in motor skills related to XP and practice, not age
• Motor behavior = doesn’t distinguish bw ML and MD or when we include both
• motor control= NS control of muscles permit skill +coordination movement (neural, physical, behavioural aspects of movement )
• physical growth = incr. size / body mass resulting from incr. / complete already formed body parts
• physiological maturation= qualitative advance in biological makeup and may refer to cell, organs or system advancement in biochem composition rather than size alone
• aging= process occur w/ passage of time Leeds to loss of adaptability or full functionality and eventually death

Question 3

Explain the theory behind newells model

Answer 3

Movements arise from interactions of organism, enviro in which movement occurs and the task to be undertaken. Concerned with human movements.

• reflects dynamic interactions with MD
• how indiv undergo age related change
• emphasize influence of enviro and task on indiv movement
• change in indiv = change interaction with enviro

Question 4

List and describe 3 factors of Newells model

Answer 4

Constraints = indiv char, char of enviro, task encourage or discourage

• limit or discourage + permit change
• indiv = persons unique physical and mental chars
• > Structural = body structure
• > functional = behavioral functions

Environmental constraints = related to world around us, outside body

• not task specific
• physical/ sociocultural

Task constraints = incl. goals and rule structure of particular movement or activity

• specific to task
• incl. rules
• equipment

Question 5

Discuss atypical dev

Answer 5

People dev either advanced or delayed. Diff functional and structural constraints send diff / atypical dev trajectory. Enhanced practice represent change in task constraint

Question 6

Explain change in the developmental perspective

Answer 6

Carefully observe movements and describe diffs between people of diff ages. Use statistical techniques to ID significant change. Indivs move ways are qualitatively diff

Question 7

Explain how development is defined by several chars

Answer 7

• continuos process of change in functional capacity = capability to exist, is a cumulative process
• related to but not dependent on age = as age adv. dev proceeds but can be at diff rates, not stop at particular age. Continue through life
• sequential change = orderly and irreversible fashion, results from interactions within indiv and enviro