Chapter 1: Foundations

Question 1

Definition of Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

A field of study devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan.

Question 2

Definition of Theory

Answer 2

an orderly, integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior.

Question 3

Nature vs. Nurture controversy

Answer 3

disagreement among theorists about whether genetic or environmental factors are more important influences on development.

Question 4

Resilience

Answer 4

the ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development.

Question 5

Charles Darwin

Answer 5

saw that within a species no two individuals are completely alike. Emphasized adaptability.

Question 6

Darwin

Answer 6

Theorist who posited: Certain species thrive and proliferate in certain environments because they are best adapted to survive there.

Question 7

Vygotsky

Answer 7

Theorized the ways in which culture (values, customs…) is passed to the next generation. Emphasized the necessity of dialogue and relationships between older and wiser people with those learning their culture.

Question 8

Vygotsky

Answer 8

sociocultural theory is attributed to

Question 9

Piaget

Answer 9

This swiss theorist developed the cognitive-developmental theory.

Question 10

Piaget

Answer 10

Theorist that believed that cognition adapts and changes as we age, beginning with simple thought and progressing through 4 distinct stages to abstract thinking ability.