Chapter 1- Formulations Flashcards
1
Q
DU
A
Dust
2
Q
F
A
Flowable
3
Q
SC
A
Suspension concentrate
4
Q
EC
A
Emulsifiable concentrate
5
Q
E
A
Emulsion
6
Q
GR
A
Granules/granular
7
Q
MS
A
Microcapsule suspension
8
Q
SN
A
Solution
9
Q
L
A
Liquid
10
Q
SG
A
Soluble granules
11
Q
SP
A
Soluble powder
12
Q
WG
A
Wettable granule
13
Q
DF
A
Dry flowable
14
Q
WP
A
Wettable powder
15
Q
Liquid formulations
A
Solutions, emulsions, flowables, & suspensions
16
Q
Solution or liquid
A
A clear liquid that consists of one or more active ingredients dissolved in a liquid solution
17
Q
Solution or liquid uses
A
Sprays for insects, disease and weed control in soil, on plants and animals, and in buildings
18
Q
Solution or liquid pros
A
- Don’t have to use much
- Not abrasive
- Easy to mix
- No shaking needed
19
Q
Solution or liquid cons
A
- The high concentration makes exposure more dangerous
20
Q
Emulsifiable concentrate or emulsion
A
A liquid that consists of one or more active ingredients dissolved in an oil-based solvent. An emulsifier helps the solvent mix with water. Looks milky
21
Q
Emulsifiable concentrate or emulsion use
A
Sprays for insects, disease and weed control
22
Q
Emulsifiable concentrate or emulsion pros
A
- Little agitation is required
- Not abrasive
- Little visible residue
23
Q
Emulsifiable concentrate or emulsion cons
A
- May damage plants
- High concentrations increase exposure risk
- Often absorbed easily through the skin
24
Q
Flowable or suspension
A
Solid particles of an active ingredient are suspended in liquid
25
Flowable or suspension use
Sprays for insect, disease and weed control in soil and on plants
26
Flowable or suspension pros
1. Seldom clogs nozzles
2. No dust
3. No pre-mixing needed
27
Flowable or suspension cons
1. Spray mix needs constant agitation
28
Microcapsule suspension
Small capsules of active ingredients are suspended in a liquid.
29
Microcapsule suspension use
Variety of uses, suitable when gradual delivery is needed
30
Microcapsule suspension pros
1. Safer from lower exposure risk
2. Slow release prolongs effectiveness
3. Reduces injury to plants
31
Microcapsule suspension cons
1. Slow breakdown may leave pesticide in place at time of harvest
2. Bees may carry capsules to the hive
3. Visible residue
32
Solid formulations
Include dusts, granules, spoilable granules, soluble powders, wettable powders, dry flowables, tablets & baits
33
Dust
Active ingredient diluted with a powdered inert material
34
Dust uses
Spot treatment to control insets on plant, insect control on animals, seed treatment, insect control in enclosed areas
35
Dust pros
1. Ready to use
36
Dust cons
1. Drifts away from target
2. Visible residue
3. Easily inhaled
37
Granules
Mixture of large, free-flowing particles with a low concentration of active ingredients
38
Granules uses
Water treatment to control insects, turf treatment to control disease and soil treatment to control weeds/insects
39
Granules pros
1. Ready to use
2. No mixing
3. Little danger of drift
40
Granules cons
1. Possible to inhale associated dust
2. May be eaten by birds
41
Soluble granules
Similar in appearance to granular formulation but the particles are dissolved in water before application
42
Soluble granules uses
Weed control
43
Soluble granules pros
1. Safe to handle
2. Little danger of exposure
44
Soluble granules cons
1. Mixing is required
45
Soluble powder
Powdered active ingredients and inert material that is dissolved in water
46
Soluble powder uses
Sprays for insect or weed control, or deer repellent
47
Soluble powder pros
1. Cost effective
2. No agitation needed after mixing
3. Containers empty easily
48
Soluble powder cons
1. If inhaled can be hazardous
2. Risk of exposure when mixing
49
Wettable powder
A dry powdered material made of an active ingredient, a wetting agent and other formulates. Mixed with water before application
50
Wettable powder uses
Sprays for insect, weed and disease control
51
Wettable powder pros
1. Easy to store in unheated locations
2. Slower absorption by skin
3. More cost effective than liquid formulations
52
Wettable powder cons
1. High risk of exposure
2. Require constant agitation
3. Abrasive
4. May leave visible residue
53
Wettable granule or dry flowable
Consists of small granules or spheres that break down into wettable powders when mixed with water
54
Wettable granule or dry flowable uses
Most are sprays for wee control. Some control insects or plant diseases
55
Wettable granule or dry flowable pros
1. Less dusty than wettable powders so less chance of exposure
56
Wettable granule or dry flowable cons
1. Requires constant agitation
2. Abrasive
3. May leave visible residue
57
Bait
Consists of an active ingredient mixed with substances to attract pests such as food
58
Bait uses
Control slugs, rodents, and certain insects
59
Bait pros
1. Can be target specific
2. Most are ready to use
60
Bait cons
1. Could be eaten by pets or children
2. Safe use may require bait stations
61
Tablets
Pesticides formulated into pre-measured "doses" of a dry material
62
Tablets uses
Some are meant to be mixed with water and sprayed, some are meant to be used as is.
63
Tablet pros
1. Ease of measuring
2. Easy to handle
64
Tablet cons
1. May not mix quickly with water
2. Could be attractive to children and animals
65
Fumigants
Pressurized liquids, gases, or solids that produce gases when exposed to water or air
66
Fumigants uses
Work as gases during application to control insects, mites etc.
67
Fumigant pros
1. Gets to hard to reach areas
2. Toxic to all pests in an enclosed area
68
Fumigant cons
1. High risk of respiratory exposure
2. Special PPE required
3. Buildings and soil must be prepared
4. Can react with some wiring
5. Kills non-target organisms
69
Pressurized product
Aerosol spray, foam, or dust packed in a pressurized container
70
Pressurized product uses
Applied straight from containers. Most are used to control or repel insects
71
Pressurized product pros
1. Ready to use
2. Portable
72
Pressurized product cons
1. Risk of inhalation
2. May be difficult to confine to target area
73
Wetting agents
Allow wettable powders and dry flowables to mix with water and make better contact with the surface that is treated
74
Spreaders
Allow pesticide sprays to form a uniform coating layer over the treated surface
75
Stickers
Helps pesticides stay on a plant or other surface
76
Drift retardants or thickeners
Increases droplet size to reduce drift
77
Anti-foaming agents
Reduced the amount of foaming when pesticides are in a tank
78
Buffers
Lengthen the effective life of a pesticide by reducing the pH of alkaline water
79
Incompatibility
When pesticides mixed with other pesticides cause problems
80
