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pesticide > Chapter 1- Formulations > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Formulations Flashcards

1
Q

DU

A

Dust

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2
Q

F

A

Flowable

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3
Q

SC

A

Suspension concentrate

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4
Q

EC

A

Emulsifiable concentrate

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5
Q

E

A

Emulsion

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6
Q

GR

A

Granules/granular

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7
Q

MS

A

Microcapsule suspension

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8
Q

SN

A

Solution

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9
Q

L

A

Liquid

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10
Q

SG

A

Soluble granules

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11
Q

SP

A

Soluble powder

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12
Q

WG

A

Wettable granule

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13
Q

DF

A

Dry flowable

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14
Q

WP

A

Wettable powder

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15
Q

Liquid formulations

A

Solutions, emulsions, flowables, & suspensions

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16
Q

Solution or liquid

A

A clear liquid that consists of one or more active ingredients dissolved in a liquid solution

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17
Q

Solution or liquid uses

A

Sprays for insects, disease and weed control in soil, on plants and animals, and in buildings

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18
Q

Solution or liquid pros

A
  1. Don’t have to use much
  2. Not abrasive
  3. Easy to mix
  4. No shaking needed
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19
Q

Solution or liquid cons

A
  1. The high concentration makes exposure more dangerous
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20
Q

Emulsifiable concentrate or emulsion

A

A liquid that consists of one or more active ingredients dissolved in an oil-based solvent. An emulsifier helps the solvent mix with water. Looks milky

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21
Q

Emulsifiable concentrate or emulsion use

A

Sprays for insects, disease and weed control

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22
Q

Emulsifiable concentrate or emulsion pros

A
  1. Little agitation is required
  2. Not abrasive
  3. Little visible residue
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23
Q

Emulsifiable concentrate or emulsion cons

A
  1. May damage plants
  2. High concentrations increase exposure risk
  3. Often absorbed easily through the skin
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24
Q

Flowable or suspension

A

Solid particles of an active ingredient are suspended in liquid

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25
Q

Flowable or suspension use

A

Sprays for insect, disease and weed control in soil and on plants

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26
Q

Flowable or suspension pros

A
  1. Seldom clogs nozzles
  2. No dust
  3. No pre-mixing needed
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27
Q

Flowable or suspension cons

A
  1. Spray mix needs constant agitation
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28
Q

Microcapsule suspension

A

Small capsules of active ingredients are suspended in a liquid.

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29
Q

Microcapsule suspension use

A

Variety of uses, suitable when gradual delivery is needed

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30
Q

Microcapsule suspension pros

A
  1. Safer from lower exposure risk
  2. Slow release prolongs effectiveness
  3. Reduces injury to plants
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31
Q

Microcapsule suspension cons

A
  1. Slow breakdown may leave pesticide in place at time of harvest
  2. Bees may carry capsules to the hive
  3. Visible residue
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32
Q

Solid formulations

A

Include dusts, granules, spoilable granules, soluble powders, wettable powders, dry flowables, tablets & baits

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33
Q

Dust

A

Active ingredient diluted with a powdered inert material

34
Q

Dust uses

A

Spot treatment to control insets on plant, insect control on animals, seed treatment, insect control in enclosed areas

35
Q

Dust pros

A
  1. Ready to use
36
Q

Dust cons

A
  1. Drifts away from target
  2. Visible residue
  3. Easily inhaled
37
Q

Granules

A

Mixture of large, free-flowing particles with a low concentration of active ingredients

38
Q

Granules uses

A

Water treatment to control insects, turf treatment to control disease and soil treatment to control weeds/insects

39
Q

Granules pros

A
  1. Ready to use
  2. No mixing
  3. Little danger of drift
40
Q

Granules cons

A
  1. Possible to inhale associated dust
  2. May be eaten by birds
41
Q

Soluble granules

A

Similar in appearance to granular formulation but the particles are dissolved in water before application

42
Q

Soluble granules uses

A

Weed control

43
Q

Soluble granules pros

A
  1. Safe to handle
  2. Little danger of exposure
44
Q

Soluble granules cons

A
  1. Mixing is required
45
Q

Soluble powder

A

Powdered active ingredients and inert material that is dissolved in water

46
Q

Soluble powder uses

A

Sprays for insect or weed control, or deer repellent

47
Q

Soluble powder pros

A
  1. Cost effective
  2. No agitation needed after mixing
  3. Containers empty easily
48
Q

Soluble powder cons

A
  1. If inhaled can be hazardous
  2. Risk of exposure when mixing
49
Q

Wettable powder

A

A dry powdered material made of an active ingredient, a wetting agent and other formulates. Mixed with water before application

50
Q

Wettable powder uses

A

Sprays for insect, weed and disease control

51
Q

Wettable powder pros

A
  1. Easy to store in unheated locations
  2. Slower absorption by skin
  3. More cost effective than liquid formulations
52
Q

Wettable powder cons

A
  1. High risk of exposure
  2. Require constant agitation
  3. Abrasive
  4. May leave visible residue
53
Q

Wettable granule or dry flowable

A

Consists of small granules or spheres that break down into wettable powders when mixed with water

54
Q

Wettable granule or dry flowable uses

A

Most are sprays for wee control. Some control insects or plant diseases

55
Q

Wettable granule or dry flowable pros

A
  1. Less dusty than wettable powders so less chance of exposure
56
Q

Wettable granule or dry flowable cons

A
  1. Requires constant agitation
  2. Abrasive
  3. May leave visible residue
57
Q

Bait

A

Consists of an active ingredient mixed with substances to attract pests such as food

58
Q

Bait uses

A

Control slugs, rodents, and certain insects

59
Q

Bait pros

A
  1. Can be target specific
  2. Most are ready to use
60
Q

Bait cons

A
  1. Could be eaten by pets or children
  2. Safe use may require bait stations
61
Q

Tablets

A

Pesticides formulated into pre-measured “doses” of a dry material

62
Q

Tablets uses

A

Some are meant to be mixed with water and sprayed, some are meant to be used as is.

63
Q

Tablet pros

A
  1. Ease of measuring
  2. Easy to handle
64
Q

Tablet cons

A
  1. May not mix quickly with water
  2. Could be attractive to children and animals
65
Q

Fumigants

A

Pressurized liquids, gases, or solids that produce gases when exposed to water or air

66
Q

Fumigants uses

A

Work as gases during application to control insects, mites etc.

67
Q

Fumigant pros

A
  1. Gets to hard to reach areas
  2. Toxic to all pests in an enclosed area
68
Q

Fumigant cons

A
  1. High risk of respiratory exposure
  2. Special PPE required
  3. Buildings and soil must be prepared
  4. Can react with some wiring
  5. Kills non-target organisms
69
Q

Pressurized product

A

Aerosol spray, foam, or dust packed in a pressurized container

70
Q

Pressurized product uses

A

Applied straight from containers. Most are used to control or repel insects

71
Q

Pressurized product pros

A
  1. Ready to use
  2. Portable
72
Q

Pressurized product cons

A
  1. Risk of inhalation
  2. May be difficult to confine to target area
73
Q

Wetting agents

A

Allow wettable powders and dry flowables to mix with water and make better contact with the surface that is treated

74
Q

Spreaders

A

Allow pesticide sprays to form a uniform coating layer over the treated surface

75
Q

Stickers

A

Helps pesticides stay on a plant or other surface

76
Q

Drift retardants or thickeners

A

Increases droplet size to reduce drift

77
Q

Anti-foaming agents

A

Reduced the amount of foaming when pesticides are in a tank

78
Q

Buffers

A

Lengthen the effective life of a pesticide by reducing the pH of alkaline water

79
Q

Incompatibility

A

When pesticides mixed with other pesticides cause problems

80
Q
A

pesticide (7 decks)

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