Chapter 1 - Fields and History of Psychology

Question 1

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 1

Examines the nature of the mind.

Question 2

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 2

How does the brain process and organize all of the information that it takes in?

Question 3

Cognitive Revolution (1960s-1970s)

Answer 3

Period of growing interest in mental processes.

Question 4

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 4

Focuses on the study of mental processes.

Question 5

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 5

Uses technology and techniques to study brain activity.

Question 6

Sociocultural Perspective

Answer 6

How social and cultural environments influence behaviour.

Question 7

Social Psychological Component

Answer 7

How the presence of other people influences behaviour. Physical, implied, and imagined presence.

Question 8

Cultural Psychology

Answer 8

examines transmission of culture, psychological similarities, and differences among people from diverse cultures.

Question 9

Biological Perspective

Answer 9

How brain processes and other bodily functions influence behaviour.

Question 10

Behavioural Neuroscience

Answer 10

How brain processes influence what we perceive, feel, think, and do.

Question 11

Behavioural Genetics

Answer 11

The effect of genetics on behaviour.

Question 12

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 12

The effect of evolution on behaviour.

Question 13

Sociobiology

Answer 13

Social behaviours that are products of evolution.

Question 14

Mind Body Dualism

Answer 14

The mind and body are two different things.

Question 15

René Descartes

Answer 15

The mind and body interact via the pineal gland. The mind is not the brain.

Question 16

Monism

Answer 16

The mind and the body are one.

Question 17

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 17

Father of psychology that made it a science.

Question 18

Structuralism

Answer 18

Breaks the mind down into individual parts. Study the mind in terms of basic elements. Does not answer the why or what.

Question 19

Introspection

Answer 19

When you ask someone to look inside themselves.

Question 20

Functionalism

Answer 20

Asks the why. Looking at the stream of consciousness (the path of thinking and acting).

Question 21

Behaviourism

Answer 21

Behaviour comes from past learning.

Question 22

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 22

Emphasizes free-will. Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow. People do not just react to their environment.

Question 23

Self-Actualization

Answer 23

Everyone does things to better themselves.

Question 24

Psychology

Answer 24

The scientific study of behaviour and the mind.

Question 25

Behaviour

Answer 25

Actions and responses that can be observed.

Question 26

Mind

Answer 26

Internal states and processes that cannot be directly observed.

Question 27

Greeks that studied psychology

Answer 27

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle.

Question 28

Nativism

Answer 28

Are born with it.

Question 29

Empiricism

Answer 29

Learned it from society.

Question 30

Sigmund Freud

Answer 30

Creator of Psychoanalysis. Focused on the Unconscious. Psychoanalytic Theory.

Question 31

Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 31

Explains a person’s behaviour based on their unconscious desires.

Question 32

Radical Behaviourism

Answer 32

B.F. Skinner. Acknowledges that genes exist, but still says that behaviour comes from past learning.

Question 33

Behaviour Modification

Answer 33

Will continue what we like, will stop what we don’t.