chapter 1- Evolution of Family Therapy

Question 1

when it comes to family systems, if one started to improve, what would happen to another member

Answer 1

they would get worse.

Question 2

what kind of therapy was originally attracted to family therapy

Answer 2

group work

Question 3

what are the 4 patterns of family’s diverting from their primary task according to BION

Answer 3

fight–flight,
dependency, and pairing.

Question 4

how is dependency seen in family therapy regarding the therapist

Answer 4

depending on the therapist, which gives away their autonomy.

Question 5

what is pairing as seen in family therapy

Answer 5

when one parent operates with the kids to undermine the other parent.

Question 6

when it comes to the relationship between roles in a faimly system, as shown by SATIR, how are they correlated

Answer 6

the roles are complementary

Question 7

with the roles being complementary, why is changing the roles so challenging

Answer 7

reciprocity resistant to change is that the roles reinforce each other

Question 8

what are 4 key difference between group work and family therapy

Answer 8

Continuity, commitment, and shared distortions, power dynamics (someone has to be in charge)

Question 9

why were schizophrenics given family therapy ?

Answer 9

pathological
patterns of interaction were so magnified

Question 10

what are the 2 levels of communication according to BATESON

Answer 10

All communications, Bateson (1951) contended,
have two different levels—report (CONTENT) and command (process or metacommunicatoin)

Question 11

define double bind

Answer 11

theory for the devleopment of schizophrenia by BATESON. in this condition, a person is in a relationship where repeated experiences of paradoxical event that does not allow for escape (thus bound), so their condition is seen as inescapbly or doubley bound, so they are sent into psychotic states.

Question 12

what is marital schism as founded by LIDZ

Answer 12

partner’s working against one another vying for control of the children (part of role reciprocity)

Question 13

what is marital skew according to LIDZ

Answer 13

character flaws in one partner that dominates the other partner (role reciprocity)

Question 14

define pseudomutuality by WYNNE

Answer 14

fake harmony in schizophrenic families (no tolerance for authentic independence or identity)

Question 15

define pseudohositility

Answer 15

seen in schizophrenic families. it is false hostility that is meant to deter autonomy (similar to aggressive, or passive aggressive communications)

Question 16

define rubber fence by WYNNE

Answer 16

rigid structure that allowed limited movement outside of the family corral, but would snap back into place once a certain limit was reached (seen in schizophrenic families)

Question 17

define second order cybernetics by SPIEGEL

Answer 17

seeing the therapist as a member of the family

Question 18

what is the difference between transaction and interaction according to SPIEGEL

Answer 18

pool balls will collide and interact, people will transact causing changes inside and outside of those transactions events (Transformations)

Question 19

define mystification according to LAING

Answer 19

when a parent distorts someone’s experience by calling it something else (i.e. a child is sad but a parent tells them they are tired). this robs them of their authentic experience. this creates a false self.

Question 20

what are the 3 stages of family group therapy according to BELL

Answer 20

child centered stage
parent centered stage
family centered stage

Question 21

define child centered stage according to BELL

Answer 21

encouragement of children to share.

Question 22

defin parent centered stage

Answer 22

parents are critical of kids

Question 23

define family centered stage according to BELL

Answer 23

family members were equally supported in order to solve their issues.

Question 24

what is family homeostasis according to JACKSON

Answer 24

the seeking of a family to be resistant to change

Question 25

what is a complementary relationship according to JACKSON

Answer 25

Complementary relationships are
those in which partners are different in ways that fit
together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle:

Question 26

define symmetrical relationship

Answer 26

relationships based on similarity

Question 27

what did HALEY say that caused pathological behavior

Answer 27

incongruence at different levels of communication.

Question 28

define emotional reactivity

Answer 28

feelings overwhelming reason

Question 29

what did BOWEN have to do to not become a part of the undifferenitatied family ego mass (entangled distortions of the family)

Answer 29

remain objective and not at the content level

Question 30

why did people triangulate

Answer 30

it’s a stable unit of a relationshiop and natural tendency for when a couple is having a difficutly

Question 31

what was the goal of therapy for BOWEN

Answer 31

differentiating the self to live authentically

Question 32

what was the major avenue for ACKERMAN regarding secrets

Answer 32

his role was to bring secrets out into the open

Question 33

what was a critical element for WHITTAKER

Answer 33

letting his unconscious run therapy so that it was spontaneous and allowed others to be more fully themselves.

Question 34

what was the core thought of therapy for Boszormenyi-Nagy

Answer 34

d that family members have to base their relationships on trust and loyalty and that they must balance the ledger of entitlement and indebtedness

Question 35

what 2 patterns did MINUCHIN find in family therapy

Answer 35

Some are enmeshed—
chaotic and tightly interconnected; others are
disengaged—isolated and emotionally detached (both lacked balance of power/authority)

Question 36

define first order change

Answer 36

first-order change—
change within a system that itself remains invariant.

Question 37

define second order change

Answer 37

order change—a reorganization of the system