chapter 1- Evolution of Family Therapy Flashcards
when it comes to family systems, if one started to improve, what would happen to another member
they would get worse.
what kind of therapy was originally attracted to family therapy
group work
what are the 4 patterns of family’s diverting from their primary task according to BION
fight–flight,
dependency, and pairing.
how is dependency seen in family therapy regarding the therapist
depending on the therapist, which gives away their autonomy.
what is pairing as seen in family therapy
when one parent operates with the kids to undermine the other parent.
when it comes to the relationship between roles in a faimly system, as shown by SATIR, how are they correlated
the roles are complementary
with the roles being complementary, why is changing the roles so challenging
reciprocity resistant to change is that the roles reinforce each other
what are 4 key difference between group work and family therapy
Continuity, commitment, and shared distortions, power dynamics (someone has to be in charge)
why were schizophrenics given family therapy ?
pathological
patterns of interaction were so magnified
what are the 2 levels of communication according to BATESON
All communications, Bateson (1951) contended,
have two different levels—report (CONTENT) and command (process or metacommunicatoin)
define double bind
theory for the devleopment of schizophrenia by BATESON. in this condition, a person is in a relationship where repeated experiences of paradoxical event that does not allow for escape (thus bound), so their condition is seen as inescapbly or doubley bound, so they are sent into psychotic states.
what is marital schism as founded by LIDZ
partner’s working against one another vying for control of the children (part of role reciprocity)
what is marital skew according to LIDZ
character flaws in one partner that dominates the other partner (role reciprocity)
define pseudomutuality by WYNNE
fake harmony in schizophrenic families (no tolerance for authentic independence or identity)
define pseudohositility
seen in schizophrenic families. it is false hostility that is meant to deter autonomy (similar to aggressive, or passive aggressive communications)
define rubber fence by WYNNE
rigid structure that allowed limited movement outside of the family corral, but would snap back into place once a certain limit was reached (seen in schizophrenic families)
define second order cybernetics by SPIEGEL
seeing the therapist as a member of the family
what is the difference between transaction and interaction according to SPIEGEL
pool balls will collide and interact, people will transact causing changes inside and outside of those transactions events (Transformations)
define mystification according to LAING
when a parent distorts someone’s experience by calling it something else (i.e. a child is sad but a parent tells them they are tired). this robs them of their authentic experience. this creates a false self.
what are the 3 stages of family group therapy according to BELL
child centered stage
parent centered stage
family centered stage
define child centered stage according to BELL
encouragement of children to share.
defin parent centered stage
parents are critical of kids
define family centered stage according to BELL
family members were equally supported in order to solve their issues.
what is family homeostasis according to JACKSON
the seeking of a family to be resistant to change
what is a complementary relationship according to JACKSON
Complementary relationships are
those in which partners are different in ways that fit
together, like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle:
define symmetrical relationship
relationships based on similarity
what did HALEY say that caused pathological behavior
incongruence at different levels of communication.
define emotional reactivity
feelings overwhelming reason
what did BOWEN have to do to not become a part of the undifferenitatied family ego mass (entangled distortions of the family)
remain objective and not at the content level
why did people triangulate
it’s a stable unit of a relationshiop and natural tendency for when a couple is having a difficutly
what was the goal of therapy for BOWEN
differentiating the self to live authentically
what was the major avenue for ACKERMAN regarding secrets
his role was to bring secrets out into the open
what was a critical element for WHITTAKER
letting his unconscious run therapy so that it was spontaneous and allowed others to be more fully themselves.
what was the core thought of therapy for Boszormenyi-Nagy
d that family members have to base their relationships on trust and loyalty and that they must balance the ledger of entitlement and indebtedness
what 2 patterns did MINUCHIN find in family therapy
Some are enmeshed—
chaotic and tightly interconnected; others are
disengaged—isolated and emotionally detached (both lacked balance of power/authority)
define first order change
first-order change—
change within a system that itself remains invariant.
define second order change
order change—a reorganization of the system
