Chapter 1: Equity Securities Flashcards
The ______ requires prospectus and full disclosure filings for all non-exempt new issues of securities, such as corporate stock and bond offerings. This act is known as the “______” because of the volume of paperwork it mandates.
- Securities Act of 1933
2. Paper Act
The ______ created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Known as the “______”, it was passed to establish fair and orderly markets for securities exchanges and trading.
- Securities Exchange Act of 1934
2. People Act
The ______ established self-regulatory organizations, or SROs, to regulate the over-the-counter, or OTC, market.
Maloney Act of 1938
The primary goal of all securities legislation is to ______.
Protect the Retail Public
The ______ writes the laws that govern the securities industry while the ______ write rules and regulations to enforce those securities laws.
- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
2. Self-Regulatory Organizations (SROs)
______ must join SROs such as FINRA to charge commissions and mark-ups. As SRO members, or “______”, they must follow all SRO rules.
- Broker/Dealers
2. Member Firms
To be considered a(n) ______, it must be easily transferable between parties, and its owner must be subject to the risk of loss of a portion of or the entire principal (money invested).
Security
______ are subject to federal securities laws, whereas ______ are not subject to any of the federal securities laws. No one or no security is ever exempt from ______.
- Nonexempt Securities
- Exempt Securities
- Fraud
A(n) ______ is a financial instrument that trades for value based on the expectation of profit from the efforts of third-party management.
Security
Corporations issue two types of securities: ______ and ______. The sum of all issued securities of a corporation is referred to as the corporation’s ______.
- Stocks
- Bonds
- Capital Structure
Stocks are called ______ because each share represents ownership in the corporation. Each stockholder is an owner of that corporation.
Equity Securities
Bonds are called ______ or ______. Each bond represents a loan to the corporation and creates a(n) ______ for that corporation. Each bondholder has lent money to the corporation and is a(n) ______ of that corporation.
- Debt Instruments
- Leverage Instruments
- Liability
- Creditor
A corporation has two ways to raise operating money. It can issue ______, which creates an ongoing ownership interest for the investor, or it can issue ______, which creates a temporary liability for a corporation.
- Stocks
2. Bonds
Common stock is called the ______ because it is the last to be paid if the corporation is liquidated through bankruptcy. Common shareholders receive whatever remains after all other parties have been paid; this is known as a(n) ______.
- Junior Security
2. Residual Claim to Assets
What is the equation?
Assets ______ Liabilities ______ Net Worth
Assets = Liabilities + Net Worth
OR
Assets - Liabilities = Net Worth
A(n) ______ summarizes a company’s assets (what’s owned), liabilities (what’s owed), and shareholders’ equity (ownership interest) at a specific point in time (for example, at the end of a fiscal year).
Balance Sheet
The corporation’s assets are on the ______ side of the balance sheet. Starting at the top are their most ______ assets. The lower-positioned assets are less ______, or more difficult to convert into cash.
- Left
- Current or Liquid
- Liquid
On the ______ side of the balance sheet, the liabilities section starts with ______ liabilities at the top. These are obligations that the corporation must pay in the short term, usually ______. Next are ______ and ______ debt instruments, such as notes and bonds.
- Right
- Current
- 30 to 60 Days
- Mid-
- Long-Term
Below the liabilities section of the balance sheet is the ______, or ______ section. It consists of preferred stock, common stock, paid in capital surplus, and retained earnings.
- Net Worth
2. Stockholders’ Equity Section
A bookkeeping value, or “______,” is assigned each share of preferred and common stock.
Par Value
Sometimes investors will pay more than par value for common stock. If so, “______” will appear in this equity section of the balance sheet. It is the total amount over par value that investors paid when purchasing the common shares from the corporation.
Paid In Capital Surplus
______ is the value assigned to a corporation’s no-par stock on its financial statements. It is unrelated to the market value.
Stated Value
Companies commonly assign a par value to stock at issue. However, in some states, there are tax advantages when value isn’t assigned, but is instead based on what is received for the stock. This stock is called “______” stock.
No-Par
A(n) ______ is a financial statement that shows a company’s performance over a specific accounting period (such as a fiscal year). It is also called a(n) ______, and allows the investors and managers to see whether the business made or lost money during the reported period.
- Income Statement
2. Profit and Loss Statement