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NETS EMT > Chapter 1 EMS Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 1 EMS Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What does EMS stand for?

A

Emergency Medical Services

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2
Q

Define an EMS system.

A

A coordinated network of professionals and services providing emergency care and transportation.

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3
Q

Who is responsible for the administration of EMS at the federal level?

A

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)

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4
Q

List the primary components of an EMS system.

A

Personnel, equipment, transportation, medical oversight, communications, and public health integration.

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5
Q

How do EMS systems integrate into public health services?

A

By providing emergency care, preventative health education, and response to public health emergencies.

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6
Q

Describe the roles of EMS in disaster preparedness.

A

Planning, training, and coordinating with agencies for disaster response and medical support.

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7
Q

What are the goals of the EMS Agenda 2050?

A

To establish a people-centered, sustainable, and integrated EMS system.

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8
Q

When was the first national EMS standards developed?

A

1970s

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9
Q

What role did the ‘White Paper’ play in EMS development?

A

Highlighted the need for standardized emergency care and led to the creation of EMS systems.

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10
Q

How did the Highway Safety Act of 1966 influence EMS?

A

Provided funding and set standards for EMS systems development.

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11
Q

What was the importance of the EMS Education Agenda for the Future?

A

Standardized EMS education and certification across states.

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12
Q

Describe the impact of the NHTSA on EMS systems.

A

Set national EMS standards, provided funding, and improved system accountability.

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13
Q

What are the different levels of EMS certification?

A

EMR, EMT, AEMT, Paramedic

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14
Q

What is the role of an EMR (Emergency Medical Responder)?

A

Provides basic emergency care and support until higher-level EMS arrives.

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15
Q

Describe the responsibilities of an EMT (Emergency Medical Technician).

A

Delivers basic life support, patient assessment, and transportation.

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16
Q

What additional skills do AEMTs have compared to EMTs?

A

Administering medications, IV therapy, and advanced airway management.

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17
Q

What distinguishes a Paramedic from other EMS personnel?

A

Trained in advanced life support, including drug administration and cardiac monitoring.

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18
Q

What are the core responsibilities of EMS personnel in the field?

A

Provide emergency medical care, stabilize patients, and transport to healthcare facilities.

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19
Q

What is the role of a medical director in EMS systems?

A

Oversees clinical practices, protocol development, and training.

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20
Q

Explain online and offline medical direction.

A

Online: Direct guidance from a physician during care. Offline: Pre-established protocols and training.

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21
Q

How do state regulations impact EMS operation?

A

Define scope of practice, certification requirements, and operational guidelines.

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22
Q

What is meant by the ‘scope of practice’?

A

The range of services EMS personnel are authorized to perform based on training and certification.

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23
Q

How are EMS protocols developed and maintained?

A

Developed by medical directors and updated based on clinical research and system feedback.

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24
Q

What are the essential communication components in EMS?

A

Communication components include dispatch systems, radio communication, GPS tracking, and interoperability systems to ensure coordination among agencies.

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25
Q

How is patient care information documented in EMS?

A

Patient care information is documented through electronic patient care reports (ePCR) or paper reports detailing assessments, treatments, and patient responses.

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26
Q

What is the importance of quality improvement in EMS?

A

Quality improvement ensures continuous assessment and enhancement of EMS operations, focusing on patient outcomes and operational efficiency.

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27
Q

Define mutual aid agreements in the context of EMS.

A

Mutual aid agreements are pre-arranged plans between neighboring EMS services to share resources during emergencies or shortages.

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28
Q

Explain the role of dispatch in EMS operations.

A

Dispatch coordinates the deployment of EMS resources, communicates with field personnel, and ensures efficient response to emergencies.

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29
Q

How does EMS coordinate with hospital emergency departments?

A

EMS provides pre-arrival notifications, shares patient data, and ensures seamless handover of care to emergency department staff.

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30
Q

What is the importance of pre-hospital care in trauma situations?

A

Pre-hospital care stabilizes patients, prevents complications, and ensures timely transport to appropriate trauma centers.

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31
Q

Describe how EMS integrates with specialty centers like burn or stroke units.

A

EMS routes patients directly to specialized facilities and coordinates care with specialists to improve outcomes.

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32
Q

What role does EMS play in patient advocacy?

A

EMS ensures patients receive appropriate care, respects their wishes, and facilitates access to necessary healthcare services.

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33
Q

How does EMS contribute to community health initiatives?

A

EMS participates in public education, health screenings, and collaborations to improve community health.

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34
Q

Describe EMS involvement in immunization programs.

A

EMS assists in mass immunization efforts during public health campaigns or outbreaks.

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35
Q

What is the role of EMS in addressing opioid overdoses?

A

EMS administers life-saving interventions like naloxone and provides referral information for addiction treatment services.

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36
Q

List the common challenges faced by EMS systems.

A

Challenges include funding limitations, workforce shortages, increasing call volumes, and maintaining up-to-date equipment and training.

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37
Q

How do EMS systems address resource limitations?

A

EMS uses mutual aid agreements, prioritization protocols, and community partnerships to optimize resource use.

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38
Q

What role does technology play in overcoming EMS challenges?

A

Technology enhances communication, patient tracking, and data analysis, improving operational efficiency and patient care.

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39
Q

Explain the issues around EMS workforce retention.

A

Retention issues stem from stress, low pay, long hours, and limited career advancement opportunities.

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40
Q

What are the legal responsibilities of EMS personnel?

A

EMS personnel are legally obligated to provide care within their scope of practice, maintain patient confidentiality, and follow protocols.

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41
Q

Define patient confidentiality in the EMS context.

A

Patient confidentiality involves safeguarding patient information from unauthorized access or disclosure.

42
Q

What is informed consent, and why is it important in EMS?

A

Informed consent involves explaining care options and obtaining patient agreement, ensuring ethical and legal compliance.

43
Q

Describe the ethical dilemma of patient refusal of care.

A

Refusal of care poses dilemmas when patients decline potentially life-saving treatment, balancing autonomy and safety.

44
Q

What are the protocols for handling advance directives?

A

EMS personnel verify and adhere to advance directives, ensuring patient wishes are respected within legal boundaries.

45
Q

How do EMS systems manage pediatric emergencies?

A

Pediatric emergencies are managed using specialized equipment, training, and protocols tailored to children’s unique needs.

46
Q

What protocols exist for handling geriatric patients?

A

Protocols for geriatric patients include fall prevention, chronic condition management, and communication strategies for cognitive impairments.

47
Q

Describe the challenges in providing EMS in rural areas.

A

Rural EMS faces challenges like long response times, limited resources, and difficulties in accessing remote locations.

48
Q

What adaptations are required for EMS in urban settings?

A

Urban EMS must navigate traffic congestion, high call volumes, and diverse populations while maintaining rapid response.

49
Q

How does EMS address cultural competency in care delivery?

A

Cultural competency is addressed through training on diverse populations, language support, and respecting cultural practices.

50
Q

What are the key components of EMS training programs?

A

Key components include theoretical knowledge, practical skills training, certification exams, and scenario-based exercises.

51
Q

How is continuing education incorporated into EMS careers?

A

Continuing education is provided through refresher courses, certifications, workshops, and online training to ensure up-to-date skills.

52
Q

Why is simulation training important for EMS personnel?

A

Simulation training allows personnel to practice in controlled environments, improving confidence and response skills without real-life risks.

53
Q

Describe the role of field internships in EMS education.

A

Field internships provide hands-on experience under supervision, bridging theoretical knowledge with real-world applications.

54
Q

How do electronic patient care reports (ePCR) enhance EMS operations?

A

ePCR enhances documentation accuracy, real-time data sharing, and supports quality improvement in patient care.

55
Q

Describe the use of GPS in EMS.

A

GPS is used for route optimization, locating emergencies, and ensuring faster response times.

56
Q

What are the benefits of telemedicine in EMS settings?

A

Telemedicine enables remote consultations, specialist advice during emergencies, and improved prehospital care.

57
Q

Explain the importance of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in EMS.

A

AEDs are crucial for immediate defibrillation in cardiac arrest cases, increasing survival rates significantly.

58
Q

What is the role of EMS in mass casualty incidents?

A

EMS coordinates immediate medical care, transportation, and works alongside other agencies during mass casualty incidents.

59
Q

How does triage operate in disaster scenarios?

A

Triage prioritizes patients based on severity, ensuring efficient resource allocation and treatment during disasters.

60
Q

What systems are used to track patients during disasters?

A

Systems like barcoding and electronic registries are used to track patient movement and status during disasters.

61
Q

Describe EMS responsibilities during biological or chemical threats.

A

EMS responds by ensuring decontamination, protective gear, and immediate care while coordinating with public health authorities.

62
Q

How do EMS systems differ internationally?

A

EMS systems vary in structure, funding, and scope of services based on the country’s healthcare infrastructure.

63
Q

What lessons can U.S. EMS systems learn from other countries?

A

U.S. EMS can learn about integrated care models, funding strategies, and community-based services from other countries.

64
Q

Describe the challenges of implementing EMS in low-resource settings.

A

Challenges include limited funding, lack of infrastructure, and inadequate training resources in low-resource settings.

65
Q

What are performance indicators in EMS?

A

Performance indicators include response times, patient outcomes, and adherence to protocols.

66
Q

Describe how data collection impacts EMS quality improvement.

A

Data collection supports analysis of trends, identification of areas for improvement, and evidence-based decision-making.

67
Q

How does evidence-based practice enhance EMS protocols?

A

Evidence-based practice ensures protocols are updated based on current research, improving patient care standards.

68
Q

What advancements are anticipated in EMS technology?

A

Advancements include AI-driven diagnostics, enhanced communication tools, and improved medical devices.

69
Q

How might artificial intelligence impact EMS operations?

A

AI can assist in predictive analytics, resource allocation, and improving patient care efficiency.

70
Q

Describe the expected role of drones in EMS.

A

Drones are expected to deliver medical supplies, assist in search operations, and provide real-time situational awareness.

71
Q

What are the primary methods of communication in EMS?

A

Primary methods include radios, mobile phones, and digital communication tools.

72
Q

Describe the importance of clear communication during emergencies.

A

Clear communication reduces errors, ensures effective coordination, and improves patient care outcomes.

73
Q

How does EMS use radio systems effectively?

A

Radio systems are used for real-time updates, coordinating with other responders, and ensuring seamless communication.

74
Q

What are the steps for ensuring scene safety in EMS?

A

Steps include assessing hazards, wearing protective equipment, and creating safe zones.

75
Q

Describe the process for securing a hazardous scene.

A

This involves isolating the area, coordinating with specialized teams, and using appropriate safety protocols.

76
Q

What equipment is necessary for scene safety?

A

Necessary equipment includes PPE, communication devices, and tools for environmental assessment.

77
Q

How does EMS address mental health emergencies?

A

EMS addresses mental health emergencies by providing crisis intervention, ensuring patient safety, and coordinating with mental health professionals.

78
Q

What resources are available for EMS personnel facing burnout?

A

Resources for EMS personnel facing burnout include peer support programs, employee assistance programs (EAPs), and access to mental health counseling services.

79
Q

Describe the impact of PTSD on EMS providers.

A

PTSD impacts EMS providers by causing emotional distress, impairing job performance, and increasing the risk of depression, anxiety, and burnout.

80
Q

Define the ‘golden hour’ in EMS care.

A

The ‘golden hour’ refers to the critical first hour after a traumatic injury when prompt medical care significantly improves survival and recovery outcomes.

81
Q

What is the chain of survival in cardiac emergencies?

A

The chain of survival in cardiac emergencies includes early recognition, immediate CPR, rapid defibrillation, advanced medical care, and post-resuscitation care.

82
Q

How does EMS support neonatal resuscitation?

A

EMS supports neonatal resuscitation by ensuring gentle ventilation, warming, suctioning as needed, and maintaining proper oxygenation and heart rate stability.

83
Q

What are the initial actions taken for a multi-vehicle collision?

A

Initial actions for a multi-vehicle collision include securing scene safety, performing triage, calling for additional resources, and providing critical care to those with life-threatening injuries.

84
Q

How should EMS respond to a suspected stroke case?

A

EMS should perform a stroke assessment (e.g., FAST), ensure rapid transport to a stroke-capable facility, and notify the hospital of the incoming patient.

85
Q

Describe the protocol for handling a patient with suspected spinal injury.

A

For suspected spinal injury, EMS immobilizes the spine, secures the patient to a backboard or other stabilization device, and manages the airway while minimizing movement.

86
Q

What is the correct procedure for CPR in an out-of-hospital setting?

A

The correct procedure for CPR includes high-quality chest compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute, rescue breaths, and using an AED as soon as it is available.

87
Q

How should EMS handle a patient with a severe allergic reaction?

A

EMS handles a severe allergic reaction by administering epinephrine, providing oxygen, and preparing for advanced airway management if necessary.

88
Q

Discuss the importance of inter-agency cooperation in EMS systems.

A

Inter-agency cooperation ensures coordinated responses, resource sharing, and effective management of large-scale emergencies, improving outcomes for all involved.

89
Q

How should EMS prepare for an active shooter scenario?

A

EMS should prepare for active shooter scenarios by participating in joint training with law enforcement, staging safely, triaging victims, and using tactical medical protocols.

90
Q

Evaluate the challenges of operating an EMS system during a pandemic.

A

Challenges during a pandemic include increased call volume, supply shortages, exposure risks, and the need for rapid adaptation to evolving health protocols.

91
Q

What steps can be taken to improve EMS response times?

A

Improving EMS response times can be achieved through optimized dispatch systems, strategic station locations, increased staffing, and leveraging real-time traffic data.

92
Q

How do cultural barriers impact EMS care delivery?

A

Cultural barriers can affect communication, trust, and understanding between EMS providers and patients, potentially delaying care or creating misunderstandings.

93
Q

What are the most important roles of EMS in modern healthcare?

A

The most important roles of EMS in modern healthcare include providing emergency medical care, ensuring rapid transport, supporting public health initiatives, and serving as a critical link in the continuum of care.

94
Q

How has the role of technology shaped EMS operations?

A

Technology has improved EMS operations through advancements like GPS for navigation, electronic patient records, telemedicine, and enhanced communication systems.

95
Q

Describe the ethical responsibilities of EMS personnel.

A

Ethical responsibilities of EMS personnel include ensuring patient autonomy, providing equitable care, maintaining confidentiality, and acting in the patient’s best interest.

96
Q

How does EMS contribute to overall public safety?

A

EMS contributes to public safety by responding to emergencies, providing medical support during disasters, educating communities, and reducing morbidity and mortality rates.

97
Q

What are the key challenges in training future EMS professionals?

A

Key challenges include keeping up with advancements in medical science, integrating new technologies, addressing workforce shortages, and ensuring high standards of practical training.

98
Q

What are the implications of climate change on EMS operations?

A

Climate change increases EMS demands through more frequent extreme weather events, heat-related illnesses, and natural disasters, requiring better preparedness and resource allocation.

99
Q

How might advancements in wearable technology benefit EMS care?

A

Wearable technology can provide real-time health data, improve patient monitoring, and enable earlier intervention during emergencies.

100
Q

Discuss the potential future roles of robotics in EMS.

A

Robotics in EMS could include automated CPR devices, drones for rapid supply delivery, telepresence for remote medical consultation, and advanced search-and-rescue capabilities.

NETS EMT (8 decks)

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