Chapter 1: Crime, Criminals, & Criminology

Question 1

What is criminology?

Answer 1

The body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.

Question 2

Criminology includes the processes of….. (3 things)

Answer 2

1. making laws
2. Breaking laws
3. reacting to the breaking of laws.

Question 3

What is a Priority Prolific offender?

Answer 3

A career criminal.

Question 4

What is the goal/ objective of Criminology?

Answer 4

To develop a body of general and verified principles and knowledge regarding law, crime, and treatment.

Question 5

Define Criminologist

Answer 5

academics who study crime and the criminal justice system.

Question 6

Why should we study crime? (4 things)

Answer 6

1. Learning about crime tells us about society.
2. To understand it before we can reduce it.
3. Crime (in)directly affects all people.
4. Everyone pays the cost of crime/crime control.

Question 7

The 6 disciplines of Criminology

Answer 7

1. the definition of crime and criminals.
2. The origins and role of the law.
3. The social distribution of crime
4. The causation of crime.
5. Patterns of criminal behaviour
6. societal reactions.

Question 8

What percent of any population is criminal at any given time.

Answer 8

1 %

Question 9

Criminal acts are defined by ____ in terms of categories.

Answer 9

Laws

Question 10

1% of the population is criminal at any given time, this theory looks at the other 99% that does not.

Answer 10

Social Control Theory.

Question 11

offenders who receive sentences less than 2 years are dealt with by which government

Answer 11

Provincial Government

Question 12

A sentence of 2 years or more is served in a federal institution run by whom

Answer 12

The Correctional Service of Canada.

Question 13

What are Norms?

Answer 13

established rules of behaviour or standards of conduct.

Question 14

What are folkways?

Answer 14

Informal rules

Question 15

This exists when order can no longer be maintained through informal laws

Answer 15

The Law.

Question 16

TRUE OR FALSE: The concept of “crime” has been developed relatively recently

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

What is the legal definition of Crime?

Answer 17

a crime is an act or omission that violates the criminal law and is punishable with a jail term, and/or some other sanction.

Question 18

Some criminologists have argued for a sociological definition of crime. what would this do?

Answer 18

Encompass a broader range of harmful behaviour than the strict legal definition provided.

Question 19

To understand crime, we must know things such as….

Answer 19

• characteristics of people who commit crimes.
• trends in the occurrence over time.
• differences among cities, provinces, and countries.

Question 20

He argued that focusing only on violations of criminal law presented a misleading picture of crime.

Answer 20

Edwin Sutherland

Question 21

What are white collar crimes?

Answer 21

Crimes committed by people in the course of their legitimate business activities.

Question 22

These two people advocated for a definition of crime based on human rights rather than on legal status.

Answer 22

Herman and Julia Schwendinger

Question 23

Human Rights

Answer 23

The minimum conditions required for a person to live a dignified life.

Question 24

He proposed that deviance and crime be considered a continuum ranging from the least serious to the most serious acts.

Answer 24

John Hagan

Question 25

Seriousness can be assessed on 3 dimensions:

Answer 25

1. The degree of consensus that an act is wrong 2. The severity of society's response to the act. 3. The assessment of the degree of harm of the act.

Question 26

Hagan identifies 4 major categories of crime and deviance, based on seriousness, what are they?

Answer 26

Consensus Crimes Conflict Crimes Social Deviations Social Diversions

Question 27

Consensus Theory

Answer 27

Laws represent a consensus within a society about what acts should be prohibited by the criminal law

Question 28

conflict theorist _____ the idea that laws reflect a consensus in society. (ACCEPT OR REJECT)

Answer 28

REJECT

Question 29

Class conflict theory

Answer 29

Laws are passed by members of the ruling class in order to maintain their privileged position by keeping the "common people" under control

Question 30

Group Conflict Theory

Answer 30

A theory that attempts to explain certain types of criminal behaviour as resulting from a conflict between the interests of divergent groups.

Question 31

New branches of Criminology?

Answer 31

1. Green criminology 2. Terrorism studies 3. Surveillance studies.

Question 32

This branch of criminology is meant to contribute to the debate about the causes and consequences of environmental destruction.

Answer 32

Green Criminology.

Question 33

What is "speciesism"?

Answer 33

The discrimination against non human animals.

Question 34

What is Terrorism?

Answer 34

The illegitimate use of force to achieve a political objective by targeting innocent people.

Question 35

The social definition of Terrorism

Answer 35

The deliberate use or the threat to use violence against civilians in order to attain political, ideological and religious goals.

Question 36

Surveillance Studies

Answer 36

Any systematic focus on personal information in order to influence, manage or control those whose information is collected.

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE: Once information has been collected, individuals have control over how it is used.

Answer 37

FALSE; individuals no longer have control over how the information is used after it is collected.

Question 38

Facebook users are not clients but ________

Answer 38

products