Chapter 1: Consolidation of power

Question 1

When was the battle of Bosworth?

Answer 1

22nd August 1485

Question 2

How did Henry VII become king?

Answer 2

By defeating Richard III in the battle of Bosworth

Question 3

Why was Henry’s claim to the throne illegitimate?

Answer 3

1. He came from a female line through his mother Lady Margaret Beaufort
2. Beaufort line came from John Gaunts third wife - son had been born before marriage therefore illegitimate
   - Henry was the Lancastrian claimant only because there was no other suitable candidate

Question 4

Where did Henry VII grow up?

Answer 4

Henry fled to france and lived as a fugitive in the Duchy of Brittanny

Question 5

When did Henry date his reign and why?

Answer 5

21st August 1485 - Anyone who had fought against Henry on Richard’s side could be considered a traitor

Question 6

Who did Henry detain and why?

Answer 6

Elizabeth of York (Daughter of Edward IV)
Earl of Warwick (Edward IV’s nephew)
Could have been seen to have a greater claim than Henry

Question 7

When did Henry arrange his coronation and why was the date significant?

Answer 7

30th October - Before first parliament to ensure his right to rule was based on hereditary right and not because parliament sanctioned it

Question 8

What was the acts of attainder?

Answer 8

• October 1485
  Any Yorkists who had fought at the Battle of Bosworth could have the property forfeited to the crown which increased revenue

Question 9

Who did Henry marry and when?

Answer 9

Married Elizabeth of York in January 1486

This was a union between the Lancastrians and Yorkists and the Tudor Rose was created

Question 10

When was the Viscount Lovell and the Staffords (Humphrey and Thomas ) outbreak

Answer 10

1486

Question 11

Where did Lovell try to raise a rebellion?

Answer 11

In the North riding of Yokrshire were Richard III’s supporters were

Question 12

What happened to Lovell and the Staffords?

Answer 12

Lovell escaped to Burgundy
Humphrey was captured and executed
Thomas (Humprheys younger brother) was pardoned

Question 13

What was the significance of the Lovell and the staffords oubreak?

Answer 13

It was easily surpressed as they could not gain support and this showed that there was little support for a Yorkist rising at this point
-also showed the Yorkist the need for a figurehead and funds

Question 14

1487 Who was Lambert Simnel being passed of as and what was he crowned?

Answer 14

Earl of Lincoln used simple as a figurehead
simple impersonated Earl of Warwick
Crowned as King of Ireland in May 1487

Question 15

What did Henry do to the real Earl of Warwick?

Answer 15

He had been exhibited in in London

Question 16

Why did Lincoln and Lovell flee to Margaret of Burgundy?

Answer 16

To persuade Margaret to pay support Simnel and pay for a force of mercenaries to invade England

Question 17

How did Henry neutralise Yorkist support in the North?

Answer 17

He reinstated Earl of Northumberland to power in the North as his supporter (calculated gamble )

Question 18

Why was the rebellion of Earl of Lincoln significant?

Answer 18

Henry’s lenient treatment of rebels won over some Yorkists who had previously opposed him
Henry began to develop the policy of using bonds of good behaviour

Question 19

Who was Warbeck impersonating in 1491?

Answer 19

Richard, Duke of York in Ireland

one of Edward IV’s sons and one of the two murdered princes in the tower

Question 20

Why did Warbeck fail the first time?

Answer 20

Henry had been informed of Warbeck’s intentions by one of his royal agents, Sir Robert Clifford and he fled to court of James IV of Scotland

Question 21

What did Warbeck attempt to do in 1496?

Answer 21

He tried to invade England with small Scottish force but soon retreated and James IV agreed to marry Henry’s daughter Margaret

Question 22

When was Warbecks final attempt and what did he try to do?

Answer 22

In 1497 he tried to claim the throne by exploting Cornish Rebellion - his forces were crushed and Warbeck surrendered
-treated leniently at first but tryed to escape

Question 23

Why was the Perkin Warbeck outbreak significant?

Answer 23

Patronage from foreign rulers demonstrated how fragile Henry’s postion was considered to be by other rulers

Question 24

What did the involvement of William Stanley show?

Answer 24

• the involvement was in 1495 as Perkin Warbeck intended to land in England but fled to Scotland
• Showed how vulnerable Henry was, even in his own household

Question 25

Where did Edmund de la pole (Suffolk) (younger brother of John de la pole , earl of Lincoln ) live?

Answer 25

In exile from 1498-1509 under protection of Margaret of Burgundy

Question 26

When did he return to England and what happened to Edmund (Suffolk)?

Answer 26

1506 and imprisoned in the tower of London

1513 - He was executed

Question 27

overall steps to secure throne

Answer 27

-dated his reign 21 aug
-publicly rewarded many supporter eg 11 kinghoods
-detained earl of Warwick and Elizabeth of York
oct 1485 :
-did his coronation before Parliament
-made key appointments to his counselling household e.g. Sir William Stanley as Chamberlain of the household
- issued acts of attainder
- further increased income by demanding the customs revenues of tonnage and poundage
1486 Jan
- married Elizabeth of York
sept
- heir prince Arthur was born

Question 28

Who were the Yorkists claimants, threat and pretenders

Question 29

What happened to the earl of Lincoln

Answer 29

• rebels landed on the north-west coast of England in Cumberland and tried to muster support in the north riding of Yorkshire but failed
• Henry’s army defeated the mercenary army at the battle of Stoke Field June 14 87, the Earl of Lincoln was killed
• reasons for victory :
• Henry’s own shrewdness and hard work
• organisational skills and military leadership of key supporters
• willingness of landowners in many parts of the country to support his cause

Question 30

what happened in 1499 to perkin warbeck

Answer 30

• he was tried and executed along with earl of Warwick

Question 31

What was the significance of the imprisonment of Edmund de la pole

Answer 31

• the imprisonment of Suffolk effectively eliminated the remaining threats, leaving only his brother Richard De la pole at large in exile
• (Richard was exiled until his death fighting for friends at the Battle of Pavia 1525)