Chapter 1 con't - Neurological Causes of Comm. Disorders

Question 1

What are three types of strokes?

Answer 1

1) Ischemic
2) Hemorrhagic
3) TIA

Question 2

What does TIA stand for?

Answer 2

Transient Ischemic Attack.

Question 3

What does the term “ischemia” mean?

Answer 3

A deficiency of blood.

Question 4

What is an infarction and why does it occur?

Answer 4

Infarction = death of neural tissue (necrosis) due to lack of o2, caused by blood deficiency.

Question 5

What are the two types of ischemic strokes that can occur?

Answer 5

thrombotic and embolic.

Question 6

What is an embolic stroke and what causes it?

Answer 6

When a moving arterial debri (embolus) causes a blockage, but it continues moving through the artery. Caused by an embolism.

Question 7

What is a thrombotic stroke and what causes it?

Answer 7

A collection of arterial debri causes a blockage in an artery (thrombus) and it remains blocked. Caused by a thrombosis.

Question 8

Which kind of ischemic stroke is associated with arteriosclerosis?

Answer 8

Thrombotic.

Question 9

What are the symptoms of a stroke?

Answer 9

• weakness/numbness on one side of the body
• impaired vision
• difficulty speaking or understanding speech.
• dizziness or falling.
• severe headache.

Question 10

What does CVA stand for?

Answer 10

Cerebrovascular accident.

Question 11

What are two types of hemorrhagic strokes?

Answer 11

Intracerebral & extracerebral.

Question 12

What causes an intracerebral hemorrhage?

Answer 12

Ruptures of cerebral vessels in the brain or brainstem. Causing blood spillage.

Question 13

What causes an extracerebral hemorrhage?

Answer 13

Ruptures of vessels within the meninges.

Question 14

What is a Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)? What causes it and how long does it last?

Answer 14

Temporary disruption in blood supply. Caused by small emboli in the artery that then breaks up and dissolves. Lasts >24 hours; typically >30 mins.

Question 15

T/F. TIAs usually have no symptoms.

Answer 15

False. Dizziness, slurred speech, confusion, limb weakness.

Question 16

T/F TIAs usually cause severe aphasia.

Answer 16

False. Mild -usually temporary.

Question 17

Ischemic strokes typically have a slower recovery process than hemorrhagic strokes.

Answer 17

False - greater & sooner. Noticeable recovery in first few weeks, max. recovery of language @ 3mos, full neuro recovery usually by 6mos.

Question 18

T/F. Residual effects are typically seen in hemorrhagic strokes.

Answer 18

True. Slow recovery for the first few weeks. 4 - 8 weeks = more rapid recovery. Then slows down @ 8 wks & effects are visible.

Question 19

Why are the first 4 to 8 weeks slower to recover for hemorrhagic stroke patients?

Answer 19

Because the blood is being absorbed out of the brain.

Question 20

What are neoplasms?

Answer 20

intracranial tumors.

Question 21

What are some other neurological causes of communication disorders other than strokes.

Answer 21

Brain trauma, neoplasms, bacterial infections, toxemia, nutritional disorders.

Question 22

Wernicke’s encephalopathy is an example of a bacterial infection.

Answer 22

False- example of communication disorder caused by a nutritional disorder.