Chapter 1: Colliding Worlds

Question 1

Tribute

Answer 1

comparable to European taxes, wealth demanded from subjects

Question 2

Christianity

Answer 2

a religion the grew out of Jewish monotheism

Question 3

matriarchy

Answer 3

a system with power inherited through female lines of authority, the Iroquois Confederacy was an example

Question 4

heresy

Answer 4

doctrines that were inconsistent with the teachings of the Church

Question 5

animism

Answer 5

a belief that the natural world held spiritual power, and understood the world through dreams nad visions and rituals appeased guardian spirits

Question 6

Islam

Answer 6

the religion whose followers considered Muhammad to be God’s last prophet

Question 7

patriarchy

Answer 7

a system in which property and social identity is passed through male family lines

Question 8

Crusades

Answer 8

violent attempts to reverse the Muslim advance in Europe and win back the holy lands

Question 9

primogeniture

Answer 9

a practice of bestowing all land to the eldest son, leaving the younger ones to be poor

Question 10

predestination

Answer 10

the idea that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born and condemns the rest to eternal damnation

Question 11

peasants

Answer 11

farmworkers who lived in small villages surrounded by fields

Question 12

Protestant Reformation

Answer 12

the controversy between the Roman Catholic church and reformers like Martin Luther

Question 13

republic

Answer 13

states that had no prince or king but were ruled by merchant coalitions

Question 14

Counter-Reformation

Answer 14

sought change from within and created new monastic and missionary orders

Question 15

civic humanism

Answer 15

an ideology that praised public virtue and service to the state

Question 16

trans-Saharan trade

Answer 16

the trade that passed through Ghana, Mali, and Songhai from the south to the north

Question 17

Renaissance

Answer 17

the arts and learning associated with the a cultural transformation from 1300 to 1450

Question 18

reconquista

Answer 18

the campaign by Spanish Catholics to drive Muslim Arabs from the European mainland, by capturing Granada

Question 19

guilds

Answer 19

artisan organizations that regulated trades

Question 20

Hiawatha

Answer 20

A Mohawk leader who called members of five groups together forming the Iroquis Confederacy around 1570.

Question 21

Martin Luther

Answer 21

a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chuch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices.

Question 22

Mansa Musa

Answer 22

a 14th-century ruler of the Mali Empire, known for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca, established trade routes

Question 23

Vasco da Gama

Answer 23

a Portuguese explorer who led the first maritime expedition from Europe to India, establishing a sea route that significantly impacted global trade

Question 24

Christopher Columbus

Answer 24

an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for widespread European exploration and colonization of the Americas

Question 25

Hernán Cortés

Answer 25

a Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that resulted in the conquest of the Aztec Empire in present-day Mexico. In 1519, Cortés and his men arrived in Mexico, where they, with the assistance of native allies, overthrew the Aztec ruler Montezuma II. This conquest marked a significant chapter in the colonization of the Americas by European powers and had lasting effects on the indigenous cultures and societies of the region

Question 26

Moctezuma

Answer 26

the ninth emperor of the Aztec Empire, reigning during the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors led by Hernán Cortés

Question 27

Pedro Alvares Cabral

Answer 27

a Portuguese explorer who is credited with leading the first expedition that sailed directly from Europe to Brazil.

Additional Information: In 1500, Cabral’s fleet was en route to establish trade routes to India when they unexpectedly reached the coast of Brazil. This accidental discovery marked the beginning of Portuguese colonization in South America. Cabral’s voyage had a significant impact on the exploration and colonization of Brazil and further expanded Portugal’s influence in the Age of Discovery

Question 28

Treaty of Tordesillas

Answer 28

an agreement between Spain and Portugal, brokered by Pope Alexander VI in 1494, that aimed to divide newly discovered lands outside Europe between the two countries along a meridian line located west of the Cape Verde islands.