Chapter 1- Characteristics of skills and stages of learning Flashcards
What is a skill?
A voluntary, goal directed activity that we learn through practice and experience.
What are the classifications for movement skill?
- movement precision
- types of movements
- predictably of he environment
What are gross motor skills? Give and example
They involve recruiting large muscle groups, and place less emphasis on precision. E.g running- leg muscles
What are fine motor skills?
The involve recruiting smaller muscles for precision movements. E.g darts- wrist and finger muscles only
What are the types of movement?
continuous, serial, and discrete
What is discrete movement? Give and example
They have a clear beginning and end. E.g throwing, catching or kicking
What is serial movement? Give an example
Is a skill when several discrete skills are performed in a sequence. E.g diving routine, dancing routine or gymnastics
Explain predictably of the environment with examples.
It is a classification according to the extent to which they are influenced by the environmental factors; open motor skills performed in less predicable conditions, constantly changing. E.g soccer goal keeper or white water kayaking, while a closed motor skill is performed in a situation where the performer has the greatest control. E.g darts or archery
What are fundamental movement skills and why are they so important? Give and example
They are foundation skills. The provide the basis for developing sports-specific motor skills. A javelin throw, softball pitch and tennis serve are all advanced forms of the over hand throw.
These skills are so important as if not taught at a young age it’s harder to pick up these skills later in life and this discourages participation in structured sports as they cannot transition as easily as others
What are fundamental movement skills classified as? Explain each one
- stability skills, invoking balance and control of the body
- locomotor skills, these enable us to move through space such as walking and running
- manipulative skills, the involve the control of an object, such as throwing, catching, striking and kicking
What are the stages of learning?
Cognitive, Associative and autonomous phase
Explain the cognitive phase of learning.
It is where the beginner is mentally trying to comprehend the movement requirements of the motor skill. Their movement will be inconsistent and stiff and there will be error detection or correction
Explain the associative phase of learning.
The performer is beginning to refine their technique/movement pattern. they will be more consistent, make fewer errors, detect errors, use strategies to eliminate them and there is more attention to the external stimuli (spin of the ball).
Explain the autonomous phase of learning.
The skill is an automatic response. the performer can detect and correct errors and performance variables are small and their focus is on tactics.
What must a coach consider when deciding between part and whole practice?
- The stage of learning they are in, in relation to motivation
- Task complexity (tennis serve)
- Task organisation
- Amount
- Distribution
