Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology GCSE > Chapter 1 - Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Function of the cell wall?

A

The cell wall is to give the cell strength and structure, and to filter molecules that pass in and out of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of the cell membrane?

A

It only lets certain molecules enter and exit (regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of vacuole?

A

Is the storage structure in a cell. It can hold food for later use or waste for removal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of chloroplast?

A

It conducts photosynthesis, or make its own food and energy. Is an organelle. Used to make chemical reactions take place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of cytoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm is present within the cell membrane of all cell types and contains all organelles and cell parts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of nucleus?

A

Controls other cell functions and contains genetic material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of ribosomes?

A

Responsible for synthesising proteins - site at which synthesis occurs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of mitochondria?

A

Responsible for energy release in the cell by respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s an organelle?

A

Each of the structures inside a cell is called and organelle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s an eukaryotic?

A

Any cell containing a nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Specialised cells?

A

Cells that have developed certain characteristics to perform a particular function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Muscle cells?

A

Contain special proteins that can slide past each other. When muscles contract they move.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Red blood cells?

A

Large surface area.
Carry oxygen around the body.
Contains haemoglobin which binds to oxygen.
No nucleus( so more haemoglobin can be carried) because cell has a single function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

White blood cells?

A

Lots of ribosomes.
Destroy pathogens.
Engulf pathogens.
Make antibodies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neurone?

A

To carry nerve impulses around your body.
These are extremely elaborated cells they have many branches at both ends to connect to other nerve cells.
The long axon is covered in insulating myelin for faster conduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Ciliated cells?

A

Designed to stop lung damage.
Cilia sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria back up the throat to be swallowed.
They live in the air passages to the lungs.
They have ting hair like structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sperm cells?

A

Carries genetic material to produce a new organism.
Flattened head, contains nucleus and acrosome.
Elongated flagellum (tail)
Many mitochondria in middle section.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles( in a gas or solute) from high concentration of the particles to low concentration.
Diffusion is a passive process - it occurs without the need for any outside influence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules.
From a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water.
Osmosis is also a passive process.

20
Q

Active transport?

A 
Movement of particles.
From low to high concentration.
Up a concentration gradient.
This requires an input of energy.
Usually provided by the mitochondria in a cell.
21
Q

Organelles in a plant cell?

A 
Cytoplasm
Nucleus 
Ribosome
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Chloroplast
22
Q

Organelles in an animal cell?

A 
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Ribosome 
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
23
Q

Root hair cell?

A

The root hair cell has a large surface area to provide contact with soil water. It has thin walls so as not to restrict the movement of water.

24
Q

Xylem cell?

A

There are no top and bottom walls between xylem vessels, so there is a continuous column of water running through them. Their walls become thickened and woody. They therefore support the plant. Transports water and minerals.

25
Q

Phloem?

A

Dissolved sugars and amino acids can be transported both up and down the stem. Companion cells, adjacent to the sieve tubes provide energy required to transport substances in the phloem.

26
Q

1 micrometer in mm?

A

0.001mm

27
Q

1 micrometer in meters

A

0.000001( a thousandth of a millimetre)

28
Q

Prokaryotic cells?

A

Do not contain a nucleus e.g bacteria

29
Q

Nerve cells?

A

Function is to carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another. These cells are long (to cover more distance) and have branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network around the body.

30
Q

Organelles in a leaf structure?

A

Waxy cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, lower epidermis, guards cells and stoma.

31
Q

What does flaccid mean?

A

Lacking turgor. Lacking in stiffness or strength. Soft and floppy.

32
Q

Whats does turgid mean?

A

Enlarged and swollen with water. Having turgor. Description of a plant cell in which the vacuole has swollen due to water gain by osmosis.

33
Q

Function of palisade mesophyll?

A

Carrys out photosynthesis

34
Q

Function of spongy mesophyll?

A

Allow gases to circulate for the exchange of gases between the leaf and the environment, carry out some photosynthesis

35
Q

Function of guard cells?

A

Open and close to control the exchange of gases – carbon dioxide, water vapour and oxygen

36
Q

Function of sieve cells?

A

Transport products of photosynthesis, including sugars and amino acids, from the leaf to where they are needed

37
Q

Function of companion cells?

A

Provide the energy required for transporting substances in sieve tubes

38
Q

Function of xylem vessels?

A

Transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots, up the plant

39
Q

Function of waxy cuticle?

A

The cuticle reduces the rate of water loss from the leaf surface

40
Q

Platelets?

A

Involved in blood clotting

41
Q

Plasma?

A

transporting CO2, digested food molecules, urea and hormones; distributing heat.

42
Q

Volume?

A

Width x depth x height

43
Q

Surface area of cuboid?

A

The surface area of a cuboid, add the areas of all 6 faces.

44
Q

Independent Variable?

A

An independent variable is the variable we change in an experiment.

45
Q

Dependent Variable?

A

A dependent variable is what we measure in an experiment.

46
Q

Controlled Variable?

A

A controlled variable is something that needs to be kept constant in an experiment.

Biology GCSE (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions