Chapter 1-Cells Flashcards
Nucleus
Controls the activities of a cell and is surrounded by the cell membrane
Cytoplasm
A liquid gel where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place
Cell membrane
Controls passages and movement for all substances
Ribosomes
Where protein synthesis takes place making all needed proteins in a cell
Mitochondria
Where respiration takes place
Permanent vacuole
Keeps the cells rigid to support the plant
Chlorophyll
Absorbs light so the plant can make food
Algae
Simple aquatic organisms
Make their food from photosynthesis
Triangle of an IMAGE/ACTUAL SIZE/ MAGNIFICATION
Actual Size x Magnification
Prokaryotic cells
Smaller than Eukaryotic cells, reproduce quickly and effectively and have no nucleus
Pro=before
Kary=nucleus
They both have DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm and plasma membrane
Eukaryotic cells
Bigger and more complicated than Prokaryotic cells and they have a nucleus
Eu=true
Kary=nucleus
They both have DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm and plasma membrane
Mitosis
Cell division
Cell cycle
Cells divide in a series of stages
What is stage 1 of the cell cycle?
The cell gets bigger, increases its mass and carries out cell activities. They replicate their DNA to form two copies of each chromosome ready for cell division. They also increase the number of sub-cellular structures such as mitochondria, ribosomes and chloroplasts ready for the cell to divide.
What is stage 2 of the cell cycle?
Mitosis- in this process one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell and the nucleus divides
What is stage 3 of the cell cycle?
The cytoplasm and the cell membranes also divide to form two identical ‘daughter’ cells
Why do cells divide?
If they didn’t, organisms would only exist as single cells, it is good for bacteria but not for plants or animals
Helps the growth and repairing of old damaged cells
What are chromosomes?
Carry genes that contain the instructions for making both new cells and the tissues and organs needed to make an entire new human
Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
What is a gene?
Small packet of information that controls a characteristic for a part of your body
What is DNA?
A unique molecule that makes up your chromosones
What is growth and differentiation?
Growth is the process of cell division followed by cells becoming specialised
