Chapter 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards
What forms the structure of a ribosome?
A large subunit and a small subunit, joined by an mRNA strand
What are the three basic parts that make up a chloroplast?
The outer membrane, inner membrane and the stroma (inside space)
What are cilia?
An extension of the plasma membrane
What is the function of cilia?
Either move the cell if free, or move substances around the cell
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
The smooth patches of cisternae within cytoplasm
What are cisternae/ what is a cisterna?
(A) flattened membrane disk of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
What do mitochondria do?
Act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell.
What is the function of mitochondria?
To carry out aerobic respiration, resulting in ATP production
What are centrioles?
Found in pairs, just outside of the nucleus
What is the nucleus?
10 (micro) metres surrounded by a nuclear envelope (double membrane)
What is the function of the nucleus?
The site of DNA, expression of genes, and it controls the cell activities
What is the nucleolus?
1-2 (micro) metres, darkly stained region of nucleus, made up of proteins and RNA
Where are ribosomes found?
Free in the cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of ribosomes?
They carry out protein synthesis
What is the vacuole?
The empty space inside a cell