Chapter 1: Cardio-respiratory system

Question 1

What is the trachea?

Answer 1

Carries air from mouth and nose to lungs

Question 2

What is a bronchi?

Answer 2

Carries air from trachea into the lungs

Question 3

What are the bronchioles?

Answer 3

Carry air from the bronchi to the alveoli

Question 4

What are lungs?

Answer 4

A pair of large spongy organs optimised for gas exchange between the blood and the air

Question 5

What is alveoli?

Answer 5

Many tiny air sacs within the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange

Question 6

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 6

The red pigment found in red blood cells

Question 7

What is oxyhaemoglobin?

Answer 7

Formed when oxygen combines with haemoglobin

Question 8

What are the several factors that help the process of diffusion?

Answer 8

. The alveoli are small in size but large in number so it provides a large surface area for gaseous exchange
. The surface of alveoli and walls of blood capillaries are very thin and moist which helps with gaseous exchange.
. Alveoli and blood capillaries are touching each other so there is a very short distance for diffusion.
. Lots of capillaries around the alveoli so there is lots of blood the exchange gases with.

Question 9

What do the intercoastal muscles do?

Answer 9

Increases and decreases the size of the chest cavity

Question 10

What are the abdominal muscles?

Answer 10

The muscles which help force air out of the lungs and so speed up expiration

Question 11

What is tidal volume?

Answer 11

The volume of air breathed in or out during a normal breath at rest

Question 12

What is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

Answer 12

The additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after the expiration of a normal tidal volume

Question 13

What is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

Answer 13

The additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after the inspiration of a normal tidal volume.

Question 14

What is residual volume?

Answer 14

The volume of air that remains in the lungs after a maximal expiration

Question 15

What is an artery?

Answer 15

Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart.

Question 16

What is a vein?

Answer 16

Blood vessel carrying blood towards the heart

Question 17

What is vasoconstriction?

Answer 17

Reducing the diameter of small arteries to reduce to blood flow to tissues.

Question 18

What is vasodilation?

Answer 18

Increasing the diameter of small arteries to increase blood flow tissues

Question 19

What are capillaries?

Answer 19

Very thin blood vessels that allow gas exchange to happen

Question 20

What is the atria in the heart?

Answer 20

Upper chambers of the heart that collect blood from the veins

Question 21

What are ventricles in the heart?

Answer 21

The lower chambers of the heart which pump blood out of the heart to the arteries

Question 22

What is a cardiac cycle?

Answer 22

Sequence of events that occur when the heart beats.

Question 23

What is systole?

Answer 23

The term used to describe the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

Question 24

What is diastole?

Answer 24

The term used to describe the relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle.

Question 25

What is cardiac output?

Answer 25

Represents the volume of oxygenated blood that is delivered to the body

Question 26

What is stroke volume?

Answer 26

The volume of blood that leaves the heart after each contraction

Question 27

What is the process of a cardiac cycle?

Answer 27

Two phases of the cardiac cycle: systole and diastole
Diastole: The heart ventricles are relaxed and the heart fills with blood
Systole: The ventricles contract and pump blood into the arteries
Blood enters the right side of the heart, then is pumped to the lungs and then travels back to the left side of the heart and is then sent out to the rest of the body.