Chapter 1: Business Nature of the London Market Flashcards

1
Q

Define “Lloyds”

A
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2
Q

Define “managing agent”

A
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3
Q

Define “member”

A
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4
Q

Define “reinsurance”

A
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5
Q

Define “solvency”

A
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6
Q

Define “syndicate”

A
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7
Q

What are two key aspects of the London Market?

A

It is made up of organisations that are both competitors and co-insurers, and the international nature of the market.

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8
Q

Define “subscription market”

A

Risks are shared among a number of different insurers, rather than just one

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9
Q

Define “capacity”

A

Each insurer’s limit to the amount of business it can insure.

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10
Q

How is capacity calculated?

A

Total of all premiums written in a period, usually one year. It is created from the investors input.

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11
Q

What is another way to measure capacity beyond financial?

A

Limits of the risks being written across a period of time or in a geographical location- think NAT CAT

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12
Q

What are branch office controls?

A

Ensuring risks are not written in multiple offices of an insurer- to prevent a larger exposure than desired.

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13
Q

What are aggregates?

A

A reason why an insurer may not take 100% of the risk - they dont want the exposures concentrated in one place.

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14
Q

Define “licensing”

A

An insurer may not be authorised to write business in a country.

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15
Q

How might reinsurance affect an insurer’s choice to take on 100% of a risk?

A

May not take on 100% of a risk as there is not enough reinsurance available.

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16
Q

Define “geographical limitations”

A

A limitation on the amount of business that can be insured which ORIGINATES in a certain part of the world. Normally an internal control insurers use.

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17
Q

What are four reasons why risks may be placed partly outside the London Market?

A

The insured is loyal to their home market, they value understanding the culture, local knowledge, and relationships, experienced insurers, and claims service.

18
Q

What is an example of an area in the London Market where risks are written 100%?

A

P and I clubs

19
Q

What are the three main categories of insurer?

A

Proprietary companies, mutual companies, and captive insurers

20
Q

Who owns proprietary companies?

A

Shareholders. They are registered under Companies Act 1985, and are limited liability companies.

21
Q

How can you tell if a company is publicly quoted or privately owned?

A

If publicly quoted it will have plc after the name. If private, Ltd.

22
Q

Who owns mutual companies?

A

Their policy holders.

23
Q

What does it mean if mutual companies are limited by guarantee?

A

A policy holder’s maximum liability is limited to their premium.

24
Q

What is a captive insurer?

A

An authorised insurance company that is owned by a non-insurance parent company.

25
Q

What are the advantages of a captive?

A

Not exposed to general premium increases, they don’t pass funds to a commercial insurer, and they can invest the funds

26
Q

What are the disadvantages of a captive?

A

Need to set up an insurance organisation and lack the knowledge

27
Q

What are mutual indemnity associations?

A

Similar to mutual companies, owned by policy holders. Mainly operate today in marine, such as in P&I clubs.

28
Q

What are Lloyd’s service companies?

A

Companies which are linked to Lloyd’s syndicates.

29
Q

What factors have to be considered when a company chooses to run as a syndicate or an insurance company?

A

The brand, permission, capacity, and regulation.

30
Q

What is a managing general agent?

A

An organisation which holds authority from an insurer to take certain tasks on.

31
Q

How many people are on the Lloyds council?

A

3 working, 3 external, and 9 nominated.

32
Q

Who does the day to day management of Lloyds?

A

The executive committee of the corporation

33
Q

What percentage of risks written in the Lloyds market come from UK?

A

Only 12%. Rest come from elsewhere.

34
Q

What percentage of risks written in the company market comes from the UK?

A

55%

35
Q

Define “license”

A

The permission overseas regulators give insurance companies to write risks located in their country.

36
Q

How is US licensing issues?

A

On a state by state basis

37
Q

What is Lloyds licensed for in the US?

A

Lloyds is licensed for insurance on a surplus lined basis in all states, and reinsurance in all states

38
Q

What is Velonetic?

A

The same as DXC or Xchanging

39
Q

What forms part of systems and controls?

A

Training and education, accessible info for staff to check, operating system controls, peer review, system reports, and authority limits.

40
Q

How does Lloyds manage systems and controls?

A

There are in house “Principles for doing business”

41
Q

Is the UK insurance market an importer or exporter?

A

A net exporter of insurance.

42
Q

Why might clients come to the London Market?

A

High quality brokers, Lloyd’s excellent reputation for paying claims, an easily identifiable brand, large capacity of the market, knowledge, flexibility, licensing across the world, and claims service.