Chapter 1 Book Notes

Question 1

a specific act of commission in violation to the law, for which a punishment is prescribed

Answer 1

Crime

Question 2

Priorities and actions developed by government to use public resources as a means to deal with issues effecting society

Answer 2

Public Policy

Question 3

policies developed through guidance from research studies that demonstrate which approaches are most useful & cost effective for advancing desired goals

Answer 3

Evidence-based Practices

Question 4

model of the criminal justice system that assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be make to repress crime; it emphasizes efficiency, speed, finality and the capacity to apprehend, try, convict, and dispose of a high proportion of offenders

Answer 4

Crime Control Model

Question 5

model that assumes freedom is so important that every effort must be made to ensure that criminal justice decisions are based on reliable information; it emphasizes the adversarial process, the rights to defendants and formal decision making procedures

Answer 5

Due Process Model

Question 6

Offenses that are wrong by their very nature

Answer 6

Mala in se

Question 7

Offenses prohibited by law bit not wrong in themselves

Answer 7

Mala Prohibita

Question 8

Offenses less serious than felonies and usual punishable by in carnation of now more than one year, probation or intermediate sections

Answer 8

Misdemeanors

Question 9

Offense against persons or property that is committed primarily by members of the lower social classes. reffered to as “street crime” or “ordinary Crime”

Answer 9

Visible Crime

Question 10

crimes in which property is damaged or stolen

Answer 10

Property Crimes

Question 11

Acts such as public drunkenness & disorderly conduct, which threaten society’s well being & make citizens fearful

Answer 11

Public Order Crimes

Question 12

Offenses involving a willing & private exchange of illegals good or services that are in strong demand participants don’t feel they are being harmed but these crimes are prosecuted on the grounds that society as a whole is being harmed

Answer 12

Victimless Crimes

Question 13

act, usually done for ideological purposes, that constitutes a threat against the state (Such as treason, sedation or espionage) or a criminal act by a state

Answer 13

Political Crime

Question 14

Criminal offense committed through opportunities created in a legal business or occupation

Answer 14

Occupational Crime

Question 15

Framework for the perpetration of criminal acts usually in fields such as gambling, drugs and prostitution providing illegal services that are great in demand

Answer 15

Organized Crime

Question 16

Moving the proceeds of criminal activities through a maze of businesses, banks, and brokerage accounts in order to disguise their origin

Answer 16

Money Laundering

Question 17

Profit seeking criminal activities that involve planning, execution or victimization that crosses national borders

Answer 17

Transnational Crimes

Question 18

Offenses that involve the use of one or more computer

Answer 18

Cybercrimes

Question 19

Theft of social security numbers, credit card numbers and other information in order to secure loans, withdraw bank funds and purchase merchandise while posing as someone else, the unsuspecting victim will eventually lose money in these transactions

Answer 19

Identity Theft

Question 20

Metaphor referring to the significant yet undefined extent of crime that is never reported to the police

Answer 20

Dark Figure of Crime

Question 21

Annual published statistical summary of crimes reported to the police based on voluntary reports to the FBI y local, state & Federal law enforcement Agencies

Answer 21

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)

Question 22

reporting system in which the police describe each offense in a crime incident, together with date describing the offender victim and property

Answer 22

National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)

Question 23

Interviews of samples of the U.S Population conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to determine the number of types of criminal victimization and thus the extent of unreported as well as reported crime

Answer 23

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCUS)