chapter 1 animal and plant cells Flashcards
what are the 3 structures animal cells do NOT have?
chloroplast
cell wall
vacuole
what does the nucleus do?
controls all the activities of the cell and hold the Genetic material
What’s the cytoplasm role?
where chemical reactions takes place
What does the cell membrane do?
controls the passage of substances such as GLUCOSE AND MINERAL IONS into the cell
What’s the role of the Ribosomes?
where the photosynthesis takes place and makes all the proteins needed for the cell.
what’s the roles of the mitochondria?
where the aerobic respiration takes place.
what’s the role of:
.cell wall
.chloroplast
.the vacuole
1) the cell wall is made from cellulose which strengthens the cell
2) contains chlorophyll for photosynthesis
3) filled with sap and gives the plant cell shape
are animal and plant cells Eukaryotes cells or prokaryotes cells?
Eukaryotes cells
what do eukaryotes do?
what do prokaryotes do? and give example of one
1) contain DNA enclosed in the nucleus
2) the genetic material is not enclosed in a nucleus and bacterium is an example of one
Name three examples of animal specialised cells?
1) SPERM CELL
2) NERVE CELL
3) MUSCLE CELL
what is the job of a sperm cell?
the job is to join with an egg cell and during the process of fertilisation genetic info of the ovum and the sperm combine.
name a sperm cell features and what they do
1) Enzymes- allow them to digest there way through the layer of the ovum
2) mitochondria- provide energy needed for swimming
3) long tail- allows them to swim to the ovum quicker
What is the job of the Nerve cell?
the job is to send electrical impulses around the body
name a nerve cell features and what they do
Dendrites: increase the surface area so that the other nerve cells can connect more easily
Axon: carries the electrical impulses
Myelin: insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses
synapses: junctions which allow to the impulse to pass from one nerve cell to another
what is the job of the muscle cell and what are its features/what do they do?
Muscle cells work together to form Muscle Tissue
Mitochondria: provides energy for the muscle contraction
Protein fibres: can change the muscle cell’s length
What role do root hair cells do? and what don’t they contain and what do they contain
It increases the surface area of the root to absorb minerals and ions they do not contain chloroplasts because they are underground, they do contain nucleus and vacuole
Where are xylems?
long, hollow, tubes which transport minerals and ions from the roots to the leaf
what do xylem cells have none of and why is it easier?
nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuole or chloroplast, that makes it easier for water and minerals to flow
what do phloem tubes carry?
dissolved sugars up and down the plant
What do phloem vessels have none of?
no nucleus and only limited cytoplasm
What is the meaning of diffusion?
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
what are cells are surrounded by and what’s it transported in?
surrounded by a high concentration of oxygen and is transported in the bloodstream
what is the oxygen used to generate?
it is used to generate energy in respiration and this produces the waste gas in carbon dioxide. the carbon dioxide moves out of the cell by diffusion
what is urea and how is it produced and where does it diffuse?
urea is a waste product produced inside the cells, it diffuses out of the cells into the blood plasma and is entered by the kidneys
