Chapter 1 - adding chapter 1 slides Intro. to Group Dynamics

Question 1

Types of Groups

Answer 1

Primary: families, close friends
Social Groups: co-workers, study groups
Collectives: crowds, social movements
Categories/Social Categories: men, asian, doctors

Question 2

Primary Groups Describe Relationship

Answer 2

• small
• long-term
• frequent interaction
• high level of interdependence
• influences attitudes, values, social outcomes

Question 3

Social (Secondary) Group

Answer 3

• shorter in duration
• less emotionally involving
• more permeable

Question 4

Collective Group

Answer 4

• drawn together by an event
• dissolves when experience ends
• /i.e crowd watching a fire

Question 5

Social Capital

Answer 5

-how rich you are in interpersonal terms rather than monetary

Question 6

Social Identity

Answer 6

-self-concept that’s derived from being in a membership in groups

Question 7

Composition

Answer 7

• qualities of the members in the group

- each individual in the group and their qualities

Question 8

Task Interaction

Answer 8

-people who focus on the task of the group

Question 9

Relationship Interaction

Answer 9

• people who focus on the relationship aspect of the group

- strengthen emotional and interpersonal bonds

Question 10

Humans are designed to live in groups of?

Answer 10

• 150 or less

- more would overload humans information-processing capacity

Question 11

Interdependance

Answer 11

(A)Symmetric Interdependence with reciprocity: everyone is reciprocal with everyone

(B)Hierarchial Interdependence without Reciprocity: i.e. boss tells employees how to spend their time, when they’re terminated, etc.

(C)Hierarchical Interdependence with unequal reciprocity: i.e. employees may be able to influence their boss, but the boss influences them to a much greater extent

(D)Sequential Interdependence without reciprocity: sequentially as when C’s outcomes are determined by B’s actions, but B’s actions are determined by A

-Figure 1.3 (page 12)

Question 12

Group Structure

Answer 12

• organization of the group

- includes: members, interrelations and their interactions, norms, roles

Question 13

4 Group Goals

DRAW DIAGRAM Pg. 13

Answer 13

• generating
• choosing
• negotiating
• executing

Question 14

Generating

Answer 14

• type 1: planning tasks

- type 2: creativity tasks

Question 15

Choosing

Answer 15

• type 3: intellective tasks

- type 4: decision making tasks

Question 16

Negotiating

Answer 16

• type 5: cognitive conflict task

- type 6: mixed motive tasks

Question 17

Executing

Answer 17

• type 7: contests, battles

- type 8: performances/psychomotor tasks

Question 18

Planned Groups vs. Emergent Groups

Answer 18

-emergent groups happen spontaneously

Question 19

McGrath’s Circumplex Model of Group Tasks

Answer 19

Figure 1.4
pg. 14
draw diagram over and over

Question 20

Planned-Emergent Dimensions

Answer 20

-concocted groups
-founded groups
circumstantial groups
-self-organizinig groups

Question 21

Concocted Groups

Answer 21

• planned by individuals outside of group i.e flight crew

- not part of the group

Question 22

Founded Groups

Answer 22

-planned by one or more individuals who remain in the group

Question 23

Circumstanttial Groups

Answer 23

-emergent/unplanned

Question 24

Self-Organizing Groups

Answer 24

• align in a cooperative system

- ie. drivers leaving a crowded parking lot

Question 25

Group Cohesion

Answer 25

• commitment to group’s purpose rather than social bond

i. e khane

Question 26

Entitativity

Answer 26

• extent to which a group seems to be a single, unified entity - a real group
  i. e a car is wheels, trunk, seats (it is not just the parts)
• perceptual cues to show unity (gestalt)

Question 27

Principal of Common Fate

Answer 27

• entitativity

- members act or move in similar ways

Question 28

Thomas Theorem

Answer 28

“if a person perceives a situation as real, it is real in its consequences.”

In other words, our behavior depends not on the objective reality of a situation but on our subjective interpretation of reality

Question 29

Essentialism

Answer 29

• everything has a basic nature
• essence is inferred rather than directly observed
• unchanging

Question 30

Group Dynamics

Answer 30

• interpersonal processes
• occur within and between groups
• scientific study of these processes

Question 31

Five Process Stages + Who Created it?

Answer 31

-Bruce Tuckerman. OCSPD

1. orientation (forming) phase
   - group members become orient with one another
2. conflict (storming) phase
   - members vie from status, group sets goals
3. structure (norming) phase
   - group structured and standards emerge
4. performance (performing) phase
5. Dissolution (adjourning stage)

Question 32

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 32

• attributing a person’s/groups actions to personal qualities, rather than external, situational forces
• this happens to groups too

Question 33

Power Distance Index

Answer 33

• indicator of inequality within a given culture
• High PDI: those with and without power accept hierarchy as the natural order
• Low PDI: strive to minimize inequalities

Question 34

Masculinity (MAS)

Answer 34

• extent to which masculinity is manifested in the culture’s practices

Question 35

Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)

Answer 35

-culture’s practices minimize uncertainty
-through:
social and legal guidelines
emphasizing security

Question 36

What distinguishes one group from another?

Answer 36

BOUGESCii

1. composition: each person defines the group
2. boundaries: who is and isn’t a member
3. size
4. interaction: task interaction or relationship interaction
5. interdependence: unilateral, reciprocal
6. structure: roles, norms, interpersonal relations.
7. goals: generating, choosing, negotiating, executing
8. origin: planned groups vs. emergent groups
9. unity: cohesiveness of group
10. entitativity : influenced by common fate, similarity, proximity cues