Chapter 1: A Historical Background

Question 1

The Republic of the Philippines comprices of _____ islands.

Answer 1

7,107

Question 2

The Republic of the Philippines is located at the _______ edge of the Pacific ocean, east of _______, south of ______, and north of ____ in ________.

Answer 2

western, Vietnam, Taiwan, Sabah in Malaysia

Question 3

There are approximately sixty million ____________ and ____________ Filipinos who are primarily _________________.

Answer 3

multi-ethnic, multilingual, Malayo-Polynesian

Question 4

A good number of Malayo-Polynesian Filipinos look more _______, ______, and _____, in various degrees.

Answer 4

Chinito (Chinese), Bumbay (Indian), and Tisoy (Spanish)

Question 5

The Philippines is billed as the “_____ _______ _______-_______ _______ __ ___ _____,” for the purpose of tourist promotion.

Answer 5

“Third largest English-speaking country in the world.”

Question 6

The new Philippine Constitution of ____ retained the English language as an ________ language but it is the ________ language that is used across the archipelago by the ___-__-___-______ on the other side of the _____ ________ ______.

Answer 6

1987, official language, Filipino language, man-on-the-street, Great Cultural Divide.

Question 7

What is the dominant homegrown religion in the Philippines?

Answer 7

Iglesia ni Kristo

Question 8

According to the historian Agoncillo’s (1974) explanation, the masses who belong to the Catholic Church are ___________ Catholics, while those belonging to the Iglesia are _______ followers and _____ adherents of their Church.

Answer 8

superficial, devoted, loyal

Question 10

Why did the historian Agoncillo say that masses who belong to the Catholic Church are superficial Catholics?

Answer 10

According to the historian, the Catholics go to church on Sundays and holidays not because they understand and appreciate the mysticism and poetry of the Catholic rites, but because it is the fashion to be seen in the Church on such days.

Question 11

Agoncillo claims that, while statistics show that Catholics comprise __ percent of the total population, actually the genuine Catholics do not probably comprise ___ percent of the whole population.

Answer 11

83 percent, 0.5 percent

Question 12

The Christianized animists form a majority in the Philippine islands of _____ and _______ but the Catholic Church plays a vital role in Philippine _______ and ______.

Answer 12

Luzon, Visayas, economy, polity

Question 13

What is the oldest Catholic university in the Philippines?

Answer 13

The University of Santo Tomas

Question 14

True or False

The friar lands have been gradually transfered since 1903 from the Catholic Church to the government and private hands but the religious orders have a long way to go before they can make good their vow of poverty in the islands.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The _______ _________ priests are still embroiled in a struggle with Filipino priests for financial control of the University of Santo Tomas.

Answer 15

Spanish Dominican priests

Question 16

The struggle surfaced anew just after Filipino consciousness was shaken by the historic assassination of ________ ______ __ at the ______ _____________ _______ in ____.

Answer 16

Benigno Aquino JR., Manila International Airport, in 1983

Question 17

Who appealed for “reconciliation with justice” as the nation recoiled from the shock of a politically motivated murder which ignited the spark leading to the fall of a dictator and a change in leadership?

Answer 17

Jaime Cardinal Sin

Question 18

Who is the leader of the Filipino Catholics?

Answer 18

Jaime Cardinal Sin

Question 19

_____ is dominant in Southern Philippines as it is dominant in neighboring countries like ________ and _________.

Answer 19

Islam, Malaysia, Indonesia

Question 20

Regardless of what the future has in store for the ____ ________ __________ _____. the Mindanao calendar includes the ____ ____ _____ on top of the more familiar Christian holidays in Luzon.

Answer 20

Moro National Liberation Front, Hari Raya Puasa

Question 21

Filipino religious psychology is best found in Islamized _______ or Christianized _________ (from the name Bathala, or ___), but the traditional indigenous religion, _______ (from the word anito, or _________ ___), and respect for nature, are deeply held in various aspects of life.

Answer 21

animism, Bathalism, God, Anitism, Ancestral God

Question 22

The psychological knowledge of the native Filipino traditionally held by the ________ in the Visayas, the _________ in Central Luzon, and the ______ in Northern Philippines is an important basis of early Filipino psychology.

Answer 22

babaylan, catalonan, baglan

Question 23

The babaylan was the first Filipino psychologist. As a priestess, she was also the ________ of Filipino ______ _________.

Answer 23

guardian, sacred knowledge

Question 24

In the early days, the babaylan did not refer to herself as Filipino but nontheless continued her practice as babaylan through the centuries of identity evolution from _____ to Filipino.

Answer 24

Indio

Question 25

The ________ and ______ of the catalonan and other healers and priestessess from different ethnic groups in the Philippines are rich sources of early Filipino psychology.

Answer 25

dalangin (prayer), bulong (whisper)

Question 26

The use of ______-______ and other psychological practices and be;iefs of resistance movements, such as the _________, are all rooted in early Filipino psychology.

Answer 26

anting-anting (amulets), Pulajanes

Question 27

Part and parcel of early Filipino psychology is the psychology found in early Philippine literature, be it oral or scribbled on bamboo: the __________ (proverbs), the _______ (riddle), the _________ _____ (folk tales), the ______ (myth), and the _____ (epic).

Answer 27

salawikain, bugtong, kuwentong bayan, alamat, and epiko

Question 28

The inherited customs of the Filipino serve as one of the fundamental bases of Filipino psychology. Related to this is the rich field of _______________.

Answer 28

ethnopsychology