Chapter 1

Question 1

Definition of Psychology

Answer 1

The science that seeks to understand behaviour and its underlying cognitive and philosophical processes. It is the profession that applies the understanding in the science of human welfare.

Question 2

Psychology is..

Answer 2

First and foremost a research enterprise.

Question 3

Psychology is..

Answer 3

An artful application towards saving or helping in human problems

Question 4

Psychology is..

Answer 4

A goal to separate common sense with common nonsense

Question 5

Clinical Psychologist

Answer 5

Focuses on clients who have more moderate to severe issues

Question 6

Counselling Psychologist

Answer 6

Help people with the more everyday concerns, complaints, and issues within family, marriage and stress

Question 7

Who is the founder of The School of Psychology?

Answer 7

William Wundt

Question 8

The discipline of Psychology became its own in..

Answer 8

1879

Question 9

William James

Answer 9

His purpose was to be a purpose in which to get you think about what the purpose of function of your conscious experiences are
(Functionalism)

Question 10

Who wanted to know what the function of conscious was?

Answer 10

William James

Question 11

Psychology has become more influenced by..

Answer 11

Functionalism

Question 12

William Wundt

Answer 12

Believed that we should study cognitive processes and we should investigate these cognitive processes in terms of what their composed of, at their basic more elemental levels.

Question 13

Who is responsible for getting at the human structure of consciousness?

Answer 13

William Wundt

Question 14

What is the scientific study of behaviour?

Answer 14

Psychology

Question 15

Who founded Behaviourism?

Answer 15

J. B. Watson

Question 16

Behaviourism

Answer 16

Focuses on consciousness & what goes on in the mind. Deals with the psychology as a science of observable behaviour

Question 17

What focuses on the thought of ones own environment?

Answer 17

Behaviourism

Question 18

This structure argues we are a product of our genes and our biological inheritance

Answer 18

Nature

Question 19

This structure argues we are a product of our experiences and who we socialize with

Answer 19

Nurture

Question 20

B. F. Skinner

Answer 20

Believed environmental factors determine ones behaviour

Question 21

Who quoted “Free will is an illusion”

Answer 21

B.F. Skinner

Question 22

Functionalism

Answer 22

Based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness, rather than its structure

Question 23

Functionalists

Answer 23

Interested in how people adapt their behaviour to the demands of the real world around them

Question 24

Structuralism

Answer 24

Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related

Question 25

Structuralists

Answer 25

Focus on the fundamental components of conscious experience, sensations, feelings and images.

Question 26

Introspection

Answer 26

The careful systematic self-observation of ones own conscious experience

Question 27

Structuralists depended on this method

Answer 27

Introspection

Question 28

Applied Psychology

Answer 28

The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems

Question 29

Natural Selection

Answer 29

The heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be “selected” over time

Question 30

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 30

Examines behavioural processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of generations.

Question 31

Evolutionsists

Answer 31

Argue that the patterns of behaviour seen in a species are products of evolution in the same way that anatomical characteristics are

Question 32

Positive Psychology

Answer 32

Uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive and creative aspects of human existence

Question 33

What is the aim in Positive Psychology?

Answer 33

To change the focus of psychology from preoccupation with only repairing the worst things in life to also building positive qualities.

Question 34

Humanistic Approach

Answer 34

Emphasizes looking at the whole person, and the uniqueness of each individual

Question 35

What is considered the “third force” in Psychology?

Answer 35

Humanistic Approach

Question 36

Carl Rogers

Answer 36

Believed that humans have one basic motive, that is the tendency to self-actualize.

Question 37

Congruence

Answer 37

Used to describe a state in which a person’s ideal self and actual experience are consistent or very similar.

Question 38

Cognitive Approach

Answer 38

The approach to human behaviour that focuses on how we think. It assumes that our thought processes affect the way in which we behave

Question 39

Sociocultural Approach

Answer 39

Emphasizes the influences of culture, ethnicity and gender among other sociocultural factors on behaviour, thought and emotion

Question 40

The understanding of human behaviour and personality can be developed by examining rules of the social groups and subgroups in which the individual is apart of.

Answer 40

Sociocultural Approach