Chapter 1

Question 1

Social psychology (definition)

Answer 1

Studies the effects and influence of other people on the individual as the individual sees this.

Question 2

What are the 2 main mental processes to consider?

Answer 2

Cognition, Affect and behaviour

Question 3

what is the key distinction between social psychology and sociology?

Answer 3

Sociology traces causes upward to societal and structural variables, whereas social psychology traces it downward to individual goals, motives and cognitions,\

Question 4

what is the key distinction between social psychology and personality psychology?

Answer 4

Personality psychology focuses on individual traits and their individual differences, whereas social psychology studies them only as guides of generalized social influence

Question 5

Mobilmachungspsychose

Answer 5

war hysteria (crowd mobilization and the loss of individual responsibility)

Question 6

What are the 4 main goals of research (explain in detail while studying)

Answer 6

`1. Describe

2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Control

Question 7

Associationism

Answer 7

Empirical/Humean notion of mental associations and mechanisms which allow the assembly of social information

Question 8

Constructivism

Answer 8

Active perceptual learning and rule discovery in the social environment

Question 9

Construal

Answer 9

The assembled or snapshot understanding we need to interact with our environments

Question 10

Theories (general form)

Answer 10

Hypothesized models of human mental processes and behaviour (mental and behavioural as neuroscience is the leading psychological discipline and only works in these 2 camps)

Question 11

Ordinal vs. Nominal

Answer 11

Ordinal= the variables fit within ordered categories (ie height, IQ)
Nominal= there are no ordered categories in which to classify the data (ie: race, religion) think polynary (ha)

Question 12

3 main elements of causation

Answer 12

1. Codependence (if the IV is altered, the DV should alter in tandem)
2. Temporal precedence (X/IV should occur prior to Y/DV)
3. Third/extraneous variable: There is no third variable which explains the relationship between x and y

Question 13

VALIDITY

Answer 13

Measures the extent to which a test measures that wich it claims to measure (several types)

Question 14

Criterion-related validity

Answer 14

Testing the validity of an instrument by measuring it against an instrument already known to be valid
(typically tested as a correlation between test 1 and test 2, the coefficient of which is known as the validity coefficient)

Question 15

Predictive validity

Answer 15

the extent to which a test measures a subjects future behaviour

Question 16

Content validity

Answer 16

the extent to which the individual items of a test represent what you want to assess

Question 17

Construct validity

Answer 17

The extent to which. a test measures a theoretical construct/attribute
-constructs are replaceable with traits, concepts: examples include IQ, personality traits, aggression, motivation, creativity

Question 18

Concurrent validity

Answer 18

Similar to criterion-related validity, but also means to measure the CURRENT behaviour of the indiduals