Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Evidence of evolution

A
  • information that supports the theory of evolution
  • the theory that all organisms on earth are descended from one or few common ancestors
  • organisms on earth share some biochemistry
  • they all contain carbon-based compounds that interact with each other
  • eg they use the same nucleic acids
  • suggests animals and plants have a common ancestor
  • indirect evidence for evolution
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2
Q

Monomers and polymers

A

Most carbohydrates, proteins and. Nucleic acids are polymers

-polymers are large, complex molecules composed of long gains of monomers joined together

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3
Q

Making polymers

A
  • most biological polymers are formed from their monomers by condensation reactions
  • a condensation reaction forms a chemical bond between monomers, releasing a molecule of water
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4
Q

Breaking down polymers

A

Hydrolysis reactions break down polymers to monomers by the. Chemical bond being broken using a water molecule

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5
Q

What is a monomer

A

A monomer is a small, base molecular unit that forms a polymer

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6
Q

What is a polymer

A

A long complex chain of many monomers

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7
Q

Give some examples of monomers

A

Nucleotide, monosaccharides, amino acids

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8
Q

Explain three was in which a starch molecules are adapted for their function in plant cell

A
  1. Insoluble;
  2. Don’t affect water potential;
    and
  3. Helical;
  4. Compact;
    And
  5. Large molecule;
  6. Cannot leave cell;
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9
Q

Explain how cellulose molecules are adapted for their function in plant cells

A
  1. Long and straight chains;
  2. Become linked together by many hydrogen bonds to form fibrils;
  3. Provide strength (to cell wall);
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10
Q

Describe the structure of proteins (7)

A
  1. Polymer of amino acids;
  2. Joined by peptide bonds;
  3. Formed by condensation;
  4. Primary structure is order of amino acids;
  5. Secondary structure is folding of polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonding;
  6. Tertiary structure is 3-D folding due to hydrogen bonding and ionic/disulfide bonds;
  7. Quaternary structure is two or more polypeptide chains;
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