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Anatomy 🤸🏼‍♀️👩🏼‍⚕️💪🏻🖐🏻 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Cellular projection that are hair-like and move materials across the cell surface?

A

Cilia

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2
Q

Finger-like projections on the outside of the cell that increase the surface area for absorption?

A

Microvilli

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3
Q

Part of a solution that gets dissolved?

A

Solude

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4
Q

Our head, neck, and trunk make up the _______ region of the body.

A

Axial

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5
Q

Division of the nucleus:

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

Cellular projection that are tail-like that propels a cell?

A

Flagella

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum that synthesizes proteins?

A

Rough

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8
Q

Organelle that digests non-usable materials in the cell?

A

Lysosomes

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9
Q

Membrane junction that anchors to prevent cells from being separated?

A

Desmosomes

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10
Q

Passive transport in which particles move from high to low concentration?

A

Diffusion

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11
Q

Organelle that detoxifies harmful substances and breaks down free radicals in the cell?

A

Peroxisomes

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12
Q

These are contained in the cytoplasm and perform functions for the cell?

A

Organelles

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13
Q

Type of diffusion in which water moves through aquaporins or the phospholipid bilayer?

A

Osmosis

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14
Q

Organelle that provides energy for the cell?

A

Mitochondria

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15
Q

If you are cold and your body alters the circulation near the skin in order to conserve heat, what characteristic of life is this representing?

A

Regulation

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16
Q

Part of a solution that does the dissolving?

A

Solvent

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17
Q

Contains genetic material:

A

Nucleus

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18
Q

The nucleoplasm in the nucleus and the cytosol in the cytoplasm are known as ______ fluid.

A

Intracellular

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19
Q

List the three types of cytoskeleton from smallest to largest:

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules

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20
Q

Active transport is used for substances that are:

A

Too large, not able to dissolve through membrane, have to move against concentration gradient.

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21
Q

Type of RNA that carries instructions for building proteins from the nucleus to a ribosome?

A

mRNA

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22
Q

The fluid on the exterior of the cell is known as:

A

Extracellular

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23
Q

Membrane transport in which no energy is required?

A

Passive

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24
Q

Membrane junction that is impermeable and leak proof?

A

Tight

25
Q

Type of diffusion in which a protein carrier is used for passive transport:

A

Facilitated

26
Q

Epigastric region

A

The abdominopelvic region that is the superior region in the middle column, and typically contains the duodenum, part of the liver, and part of the stomach is the ______ region.

27
Q

Membrane junction that allows communication between cells?

A

Gap

28
Q

Organelle that modifies and packages proteins?

A

Golgi apparatus

29
Q

Control center for cell operations:

A

Nucleus

30
Q

Which level of organization in the human body involves two or more tissue types working together to perform specific complex functions?

A

Organ level

31
Q

Using an anatomic directional term, the stomach is _______ to the spinal cord.

A

Anterior

32
Q

Active transport in which materials move out of the cell?

A

Exocytosis

33
Q

The ability of the plasma membrane to allow some materials in and out of the cell, but not others?

A

Selective permeability

34
Q

Contained within the nucleus and condense to form chromosomes during cell division?

A

Chromatin

35
Q

In the anatomical position, the palms face:

A

Anteriorly

36
Q

Characteristics of all living things:

A 
Organization 
Metabolism 
Growth and development 
Responsiveness 
Adaptation 
Regulation
Reproduction
37
Q

Starting in the 1800s, scientists used frozen cadaver specimens, a technique referred to as:

A

Cryotechnology

38
Q

List the four phases of mitosis in order:

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

39
Q

The scientific discipline that studies the function of body structures is called ___________.

A

Physiology

40
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidneys
Bladder
Urethra

41
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Tonsils
Thymus
Spleen

42
Q

Respiratory system

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs

43
Q

Type of diffusion in which the movement is unassisted and the particles move directly through the phospholipid bilayer?

A

Simple diffusion

44
Q

Membrane transport in which energy is required?

A

Active

45
Q

Digestive system

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Large intestine

46
Q

Active transport in which materials move into the cell?

A

Endocytosis

47
Q

The study of changes in anatomy during disease is called:

A

Pathologic anatomy

48
Q

The two major periods of the cell cycle are:

A

Interphase and mitosis (cell division)

49
Q

Type of diffusion in which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid or hydrostatic pressure?

A

Filtration

50
Q

The microscopic study of cells is called:

A

Cytology

51
Q

Organelle that provides the cell with an internal framework?

A

Cytoskeleton

52
Q

Site of ribosome assembly:

A

Nucleolus

53
Q

Endocrine system

A 
Hypothalamus 
Parathyroid gland
Pineal gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland

Thymus gland

Ovaries
Pancreas 
Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
Tested
Uterus
54
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum that metabolizes lipids?

A

Smooth

55
Q

Organelle that synthesizes proteins?

A

Ribosomes

56
Q

Fluid of the cell that suspends other elements?

A

Cytosol

57
Q

Double phospholipid layer of the cell that creates a barrier for cell contents?

A

Plasma membrane

58
Q

What studies the changes in an individual from conception through maturity?

A

Developmental anatomy

59
Q

The study of tissues is called:

A

Histology

Anatomy 🤸🏼‍♀️👩🏼‍⚕️💪🏻🖐🏻 (14 decks)

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