Chapter 1

Question 1

Inclusion

Answer 1

A practice based on the belief that students with exceptionalities belong in general education settings, with support services provided in the general classroom by specialists

Question 2

Integration (or Mainstreaming)

Answer 2

Describes the placement of students with exceptionalities in general education classrooms, at least for a portion of each school day; otherwise known as mainstreaming

Question 3

Exceptionalities

Answer 3

Special physical and/or intellectual needs that require special services for the students who have them

Question 4

Disabilities

Answer 4

Disability is a term that is more restrictive

A disability is “an inability to do something, a diminished capacity to perform in a specific way” (Hallahan & Kauffman, 2006, p. 7)

Term is frequently used when referring to specific categories of exceptionality (e.g., learning disability)

Question 5

Students at Risk of School Problems

Answer 5

Who are abused or neglected
Who abuse drugs and/or alcohol
From minority cultures
Living in poverty
Who become pregnant
Who speak English as a second language
Who are in trouble with the justice system

Question 6

Four major roles a teacher plays in assessment

Answer 6

1. Consumers of assessment information
2. Producers of assessment information
3. Communicators of assessment information
4. Developers of assessment instruments

Question 7

Major Phases of assessment

Answer 7

Screening Phase

Identification and Eligibility Phase

Program Planning

Question 8

Four approaches could be used to gather information on students:

Answer 8

1. Observation
   E.g., charting frequency, duration, and intensity of a specific behaviour
2. Recollection
   E.g., interview or rating scale guides parents/guardians in recalling information about the student
3. Record or portfolio review
   E.g., reviewing school cumulative records for insight into student’s strengths and areas of need
4. Testing
   E.g., using formal and/or informal methods to evaluate student responses

Question 9

Assessment

Answer 9

The process of collecting information about a particular student to determine eligibility for special services, and strengths and weaknesses for programming purposes

Question 10

Individualized Education Program (IEP)

Answer 10

Required by most educational jurisdictions for every child receiving special education services

Developed by a group of individuals knowledgeable about the student (Gartin & Murdick, 2005)

Terminology varies province to province
E.g., individualized program plan (IPP), personal program plan (PPP)

Question 11

Three key components of an IEP

Answer 11

1. Present level of educational performance
   Provides summary of assessment data on student’s current functioning
2. Measurable annual goals
   Measurable (provide basis for evaluation)
   Positive (provide appropriate direction for instruction)
   Student oriented and relevant (address individual’s strengths and areas of needs)
3. Short-term objectives or benchmarks
   Given in a logical and sequential series to provide a general plan for instruction
   Progress monitoring is a key component of the IEP