Chapter 1

Question 1

structural and functional units of all living organism?

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

what do cells consist of?

Answer 2

aqueous solution of organic molecules enclosed by a membrane

Question 3

unicellular?

Answer 3

consisting of a single cell

Question 4

multicellular?

Answer 4

have many cells

Question 5

cell functions?

Answer 5

take in nutrients, convert nutrients into energy, reproduce

Question 6

Robert Hooke (1665)

Answer 6

used primitive microscope to examine cork. found it was composed to discrete units -“cells”

Question 7

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1674)

Answer 7

used simple magnifying lens to look at pond water. saw first living microorg. (protozoa)

Question 8

electron microscope

Answer 8

invented in 1930s
uses beams of electrons.
magnification and resolution greatly increased. can’t view living samples

Question 9

Transmission electron microscopy

Answer 9

fine structure from thin sections of tissue

Question 10

scanning electron microscopy

Answer 10

able to see the surface features of a sample (3-D)

Question 11

Prokaryotes

Answer 11

no nucleus- simple life form (structurally)- most diverse cells on earth

Question 12

Eukaryotes

Answer 12

contain nucleus- stores DNA info

Question 13

Cytoplasm

Answer 13

contains various organelles (not nucleus). viscous fluid or gel, transparent, mostly water and solutes

Question 14

Cytosol

Answer 14

contents of the main compartment of cytoplasm, excludes membrane-bound organelles

Question 15

Cytoskeleton

Answer 15

give structure to a cell

Question 16

what are cytoskeletons composed of?

Answer 16

polymers that can undergo polymerization (bigger) or depolymerization (shrink). long filamentous strands of protein

Question 17

endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 17

ancestral eukaryotic cell engulfed a bacterium leading to symbiotic relationship