Chapter 1 Flashcards
The study of structure and form
Anatomy
Microscopy anatomy includes _____, the study of cells, and _____, the study of tissues.
Cytology and Histology
The type of gross anatomy that studies a group of organs that work together for a specific purpose
Systemic anatomy
The type of gross anatomy that studies all the
structures found in a body area
Regional anatomy
The type of gross anatomy that relates internal
structures to superficial body markers
Surface anatomy
The type of gross anatomy that is the study of
images derived from exposing the body to various
types of energy such as X-rays, magnetic or
ultrasound waves
Imaging anatomy
Study of similarities and differences among species
Comparative anatomy
Study of changes occurring from conception to birth
Embryology
Study of abnormal anatomy resulting from a
disease or damage
Pathology
The study of abnormal tissues resulting from a
disease or damage
Histopathology
The study of the function of cells, tissues, organs,
organ systems and the organism as a whole
Physiology
The study of the abnormal function of cells,
tissues, organs, organ systems and the organism as a
result of disease or damage
Pathophysiology
True or false: everyone’s physiology is the same.
FALSE! There is normal physiological
variation
Structure and function fit together. The term for
this is
Complimentary of structure and
function
Anatomy determines
Physiology
Form and structure determine
Function
Organization, metabolism, growth development,
responsiveness, regulation, reproduction are all…
The characteristics common to all living
things
Energy-requiring metabolism that synthesizes
large molecules from smaller molecules
Anabolism
Energy-releasing metabolism that breaks down
large molecules into smaller molecules
Catabolism
Characteristic of life; maintaining order, especially
an outer boundary between inside and outside
Organization
Processes that make and break down nutrients,
using and releasing energy
Metabolism
Receiving and reacting to stimuli
Responsiveness
Keeping the internal environment within normal
operating conditions
Homeostasis
Change over time, from egg to adult
Development
Increase in size, usually by increasing numbers of
cells
Growth
Producing new individuals
Reproduction
This word root means “same.”
Homeo
This word root means “standing” or “stopping.”
Stasis
A group of cell with a similar function
Tissue
Several different tissues organized to accomplish a
specific function
Organ
The correct order of complexity, from smallest to
largest
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs,
systems, organisms
Organ system providing protection from
dehydration, synthesis of vitamin D, external
sensation, protection and aids in body temperature
regulation
Integumentary system
Organ system producing movement and heat
generation
Muscle system
Organ system providing blood cell production,
support, protection of soft organs, calcium and
phosphorus storage
Skeletal system
One of two major control systems responsible for
body movement, response to sensory stimuli and
consciousness
Nervous system
One of two major control systems responsible for
regulation of development, growth, metabolism and
reproduction
Endocrine system
Organ system that is the primary site of immune
responses and returns fluid to the cardiovascular
system
Lymphatic system
Organ system that moves blood throughout the
body and aids in body temperature regulation
Cardiovascular system
Organ system responsible for gas exchange
between the blood and air
Respiratory system
Organ system responsible for removing wastes
from the blood
Urinary system
Organ system responsible for absorbing nutrients
into the body
Digestive system
Organ system responsible for producing sex cells
and creating offspring
Reproductive system
Body position used as a point of common
reference
Anatomic position
Description of anatomic position
Face forward, feet flat, arms at the side
with the palms facing anteriorly
An imaginary flat surface passing through the body
Body plane
An actual cut or slice into the body
Body section
Divides the body into front (anterior) and back
(posterior) portions
Coronal or frontal plane
Divides the body into top (superior) and bottom
(inferior) portions
Transverse or horizontal plane, or cross
section
Divides the body into equal right and left halves
Midsagittal plane
Divides the body into right and left sides (also
called parasagittal)
Sagittal plane
Divides the structure at an angle
Oblique
Front of body
anterior or ventral
Top of body
superior or cephalad
Back of body
dorsal or posterior
Bottom of body
inferior or caudad
Midline of body
medial
Either side of body
lateral
Closer to origin of a body part
Proximal
Farther from origin of a body part
Distal
