Chapter 1

Question 1

Argument

Answer 1

A group of statements, one of which the conclusion is supported by the others, the premises

Question 2

Premises

Answer 2

the evidence.

Question 3

Statement

Answer 3

A particular kind of sentence. What we would determine to be a Declarative Sentence.
Have a clear gramatical structure.

Question 4

Truth

Answer 4

Truth is a property of language known as “Correspondance”.

Question 5

Deductive

Answer 5

One designed such that the truth of the premises, necessitates the truth of the conclusion.

Question 6

Inductive

Answer 6

One designed such that if the premisses are true, the conclusion is probably true but not necessarily.

Question 7

Valid

Answer 7

A deductive argument which follows the intended design.

Question 8

Invalid

Answer 8

A deductive argument which doesnt follow the intended design.

Question 9

Strong

Answer 9

An inductive argument which follows the intended design.

Question 10

Weak

Answer 10

An inductive argument which doesnt follow the intended design.

Question 11

Sound Argument

Answer 11

A valid deductive argument with true premises.

Question 12

Unsound Argument

Answer 12

A valid deductive argument with false premises.

Question 13

Cogent Argument

Answer 13

A strong inductive argument with true premises.

Question 14

The Counterexample Method

Answer 14

A method for proving invalidity. It consists in constructing a substitution instance having true premises and a false conclusion.

Question 15

syllogistic logic

Answer 15

A kind of logic in which the fundamental elements are terms, and arguments are evaluated as good or bad depending on how the terms are arranged in the argument.

Question 16

Modal Logic

Answer 16

A kind of logic that involves such concepts as possibility, necessity, belief , and doubt.

Question 17

Simple Noninferential Passages

Answer 17

• Warnings
• Pieces of advice
• Statements of belief or opinion
• Loosely associated statements
• A report

Question 18

Expository Passages

Answer 18

A kind of discourse that begins with a topic sentence followed by one or more sentences that develop the topic sentence.

Question 19

Explanations

Answer 19

An expression that purports to shed light on some event or phenomenon.

Question 20

Explanandum

Answer 20

The statement that describes the event or phenomenon to be explained.
“the thing youre trying to explain”

Question 21

Explanans

Answer 21

The statement or group of statements that purports to do the explaining.
The explanation.

Question 22

Definiens

Answer 22

language used to define.

Question 23

Definiendum

Answer 23

word to be defined.