Chapter 1 Flashcards
relying on or derived from observation, experimentation, or measurement
empirical
the discipline concerned with behaviour and mental processes and how they are affected by an organism’s physical state, mental state, and external environment
psychology
the ability and willingness to assess claims and make objective judgements on the basis of well supported reasons and evidence, rather than emotion or anecdote
critical thinking
the principle of choosing the solution that accounts for the most evidence while making the fewest unverified assumptions
Occam’s razor
the now discredited theory that different brain areas account for specific character and personality traits, which can be “read” from bumps on the skull.
phenology
an early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of immediate experience into basic elements
structuralism
an early psychological approach that emphasized the function or purpose of behaviour and consciousness
functionalism
a theory of personality and a method of psychotherapy, originally formulated by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes unconscious motives and conflicts
psychoanalysis
a psychological approach that emphasizes bodily events and changes associated with actions, feelings and thoughts
biological perspective
a field of psychology emphasizing evolutionary mechanisms that may help explain commonalities in cognition, development, emotion and social practices and other areas of behaviour
evolutionary perspective
a psychological approach that emphasizes how the environment and experience affect a person or animals actions; it includes behaviourism and social cognitive learning theories
learning perspective
an approach to psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behaviour and the role of the environment as a determinant of behaviour
behaviourism
a psychological approach that emphasizes mental processes in perception, memory, problem solving, language, and other areas
cognitive perspective
a psychological approach that emphasizes social and cultural influences on behaviour
sociocultural perspective
a psychological approach that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts or the movement of instinctual energy
psychodynamic perspective
a psychological approach that emphasizes personal growth and the achievement of human potential rather than the scientific understanding and assessment of behaviour
humanist psychology
a psychological approach that analyzes the influence of social inequalities on gender relations and on the behaviour of the two sexes
feminist psychology
providing health or mental health services
psychological practices
the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application
basic psychology
the study of psychological issues that have direct practical significance, also, the application of psychological findings
applied psychology
unregulated person who does any kind of psychotherapy
psychotherapist
a person who practices psychoanalysis, and who has obtained specialized training at a psychoanalytic institute and undergone extensive psychoanalysis personally
psychoanalyst
a medical doctor, who has completed a three year residency in psychiatry to learn how to diagnose and treat mental disorders under the supervision of more experiences physicians
psychiatrist
