chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
sensitivity?
A
the ability for a test to be positive in presence of a disease
2
Q
Specifity?
A
The ability for a test to be negative in the absence of a disease
3
Q
Gross level?
A
organism level
4
Q
Necrosis?
A
dead tissue
5
Q
infectious?
A
caused by a pathogen
6
Q
latent period
A
Pathological changes with no obvious manifestations
7
Q
onset
A
begging of disease
8
Q
chronic
A
- begins slow
- manifestations difficult to interperet
- long time
- vaccine cannot prevent
9
Q
acute
A
- airises rapidly
- accompanied by distinct clinical manifestations
- lasts short time
10
Q
degenerative
A
caused by vunerabilities of aging
11
Q
Genetis
A
caused by gentic defect
12
Q
Incubation period
A
person may feel well but, micro organism rapidly reproducing
13
Q
padromal period
A
Early developement of disease
ex: minor aches and pains
14
Q
recurrance
A
when dz reapears
15
Q
Exaccerbation
A
period of increased intensity of the disease
16
Q
Recovery
A
after main illness subsided
17
Q
complications
A
adverse consequences of the dz
18
Q
sequeleae
A
adverse out comes at a later time
19
Q
signs
A
objective data, studies, image, lab results
20
Q
Lesion
A
anatomic abnormality produced by dz
21
Q
Pathology
A
scientific study of changes in the bodily structures and functions as a result of a dz
22
Q
etiology
A
cause of the dz
23
Q
pathogenesis
A
natural history or cause of the dz
24
Q
pathophysiology
A
mannor in which in correct function is expressed
25
idiopathic
etiology is unknown
26
iatrogenic
by product of medical treatment
27
nosocomial
dz origanated while person was in hospital
28
epidemiology
the study of dz in large populations
29
incidence
of new cases of a perticualr dz which occurs ina year
30
diagnosis
name for the cause of the patients problems
31
syndrome
collection of symptoms, signs, and test data
32
prognosis
probabilty of recovery
33
mortality
of ppl dying from a paricualr dz in a certain period of time
34
morbidity
of ppl with an illness or complication of an illness in a group
35
prevalence
of ppl with certain dz in a given moment
36
anatomic pathology
study of structual changes caused by dz
37
gross examination
examination of tissue by observation
38
autopsy
after death dissection of a body
39
biopsy
examination of live tissue, usually under microscope
40
postive test
if health is abnormal
41
negative test
if health is normal
42
ulceration
eroded away
43
hypertonic scar tissue
overgrowth of fibrous tissue
| leads to hard ridges of scar tissue or keloid formation
44
replacement
functional tissue replaces by scar tissue (loss of function)
45
regeneration
duhhhh
46
resolution
minimal tissue damage
47
malaise
feeling unwell
48
hemorahagic
present if blood vessels damaged
49
purulent (exudate)
thick yellow-ish green. contains more leukocytes, cell debris and micro organisms
50
fibrinous (exudate)
thick sticky, high cell and fibrin content
51
exudate
a mass of cells and fluid that has seeped out of blood vessels or an organ, especially in inflammation.
52
serous (exudate)
watery, consists primarily of fluid some protiens and white blood cells.
53
virulence
measure of the severity of dz
54
pathogenic
capable of producing dz
55
septicemia
overwhelming infection where pathogenic bacteria gain access to blood stream
56
absess`
infection associated w/ break down of tissues, formation of puss
57
cellulitis
acute spreading infection @ any site
58
innate defenses
- skin
- mucous
- membranes
- sweat glands
59
Gangrene
an area of necrotic tissue that has been invaded by bacteria
60
infraction
an area of dead cells as a result of O2 deprivation
61
caseous necrosis
(form of coagulation) thick yellowish, cheesy substance forms
62
Fat necrosis
fatty tissue is broken down into fatty acids
63
coagulative necrosis
cell protiens are altered or denatured
64
liquefaction necrosis
dead cells liquify due to release of enzymes
65
chemical toxins (endogenous-cell damage)
from inside the body
66
hypoxia
reduced O2 in tissues
67
ishemia
deficit of O2 in the cells
68
neoplasm
"new growth"
| commonly called tumor
69
anaplasia
undifferentiated calls w/ variable nuclear and cell structure
70
metaplasia
mature cell type is replaced by different mature cell type
| ex. change in resp. cell cuz of smoking
71
hyperplasia
increased in # of cells
72
hypertrophy
increase in cell size
73
atrophy
decrease in size of cell
74
prevalence
total # of cases (likly hood of dz)
75
incidence
probability of being diagnosed w/ a dz during a given period of time
76
pandemic
involve a higher # of cases in many regions of the globe
77
epidemicsthe
occur when a higher than expected # of cases of an infectionous dz occur w/ in a given area
78
epidemiolgy
science of identifying the causative factors and tracking the oattern or occurance of dz
79
rehabilitation
maximizing function of dz'd tissue
80
prognosis
proababity of recovery
81
convalescence
period of recovery
82
therapy
treatment measures to promote recovery or slow the progress of dz
83
complications
new secondary or additional problems
84
precipitating factors
condition that triggers an acute episode.
85
manifestations
signs and syptoms of dz
86
latent state
no symptoms or clinical signs evident
87
subclinical state
pathologic changes, no obvious manifestions
88
A disease of unknown origin is more commonly referred to as
idiopathic
89
Which of the following is an example of anatomic pathology
Gross examination- assessment of tissue by observation
90
A chronic disease differs from an acute disease because
acute: short lasting, clinical manifestations, and arisies rapidly.
Chronic: long lasting, begins slowly, can not be prevented through vaccine.
91
A latent period
the interval between exposure to a carcinogen, toxin, or disease-causing organism and development of a consequent disease.
92
5. True or false? A greater degree of abnormality does not increase the likelihood that disease is present
false
93
Standard deviation is which of the following?
A measurement. a measure of dispersion in a frequency distribution
94
The natural history and development of the disease process is
Pathogenesis
95
True or false? The cause of all disease is environmental injury or genetic defect
false
96
The number of new cases per year is the
Prevalence
97
True or False? A functional disorder can lead to a structural change.
True
98
True or false? Acute disease typically begins with manifestations that are difficult to interpret.
False: Chronic disease typically begins with manifestations that are difficult to interpret.
99
What is the scientific name for a period of vague, early
| manifestations that herald the coming of more pronounced disease?
Prodromal period
100
What is the name for a short period of increased intensity of
disease?
Exacerbation
101
What is the scientific name for the cause of a disease?
Etiology
102
What is the scientific name for a structural abnormality of disease?
Lesion
103
True or false? The incidence of a disease is the number of new
cases of a particular disease that appear in a year
True
104
True or false? A biopsy is an examination of a tissue specimen to determine the cause of death.
False: A biopsy is an examination of living tissue
