chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

where is Upper Canada?

A

“up” the St. Lawrence River; part of present-day Ontario

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2
Q

where is Lower Canada?

A

“down” the St. Lawrence River; part of present day Quebec

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3
Q

who came to Canada after the end of the War of 1812 and why?

A

immigrants from Europe and the United States because land was cheap

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4
Q

what were loyalists?

A

Americans who did not support the American Revolution and who remained loyal to Britain

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5
Q

who were the métis?

A

people of French and native ancestry

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6
Q

which Canadian city attracted entrepreneurs and from where?

A

Montreal attracted entrepreneurs from America and Scotland

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7
Q

what is a monopoly?

A

exclusive ownership because of legal privilege

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8
Q

what is a money economy?

A

an economy that uses cash

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9
Q

who were land speculators?

A

people who buy property at a low price and then sell it at a higher price without spending much of their own money

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10
Q

what were clergy and crown reserves?

A

blocks of land set aside to provide income (through sale or rent) for the government and for the Anglican Church. they took up two-sevenths of all land in upper Canada. since they were scattered through townships, they blocked road development, and tied up prime, arable land.

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11
Q

what is a barter economy?

A

an economy by trading of products and services

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11
Q

what was the family compact?

A

a small group of officials who helped run upper Canada. they were descendants of loyalists and believed in the rightness of the aristocracy and the importance of ties to Britain. they were snobbish to the extreme.

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11
Q

what is republican?

A

democratic, without a monarch as head of state

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12
Q

who was Canada’s first governor?

A

John Graves Simcoe

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13
Q

what are coffin ships?

A

death ships. many people died while travelling in steerage. the bodies were dumped overboard

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14
Q

what are tenant farmers?

A

farmers who work land owned by others

15
Q

Who was Harriet Tubman

A

A black activist who helped thousands escape

16
Q

Who is a member of the black militia that became an educator and church minister

A

Josiah Henson

17
Q

What did Quakers and Methodists believe

A

Slavery was a sin against God and humanity

18
Q

Who was the first woman editor of a Canadian newspaper

A

Marie Ann Shadd

19
Q

What is a spinster

A

Out of date language for an unmarried woman

20
Q

What were some hardships faced by women

A

hard work and long hours

Large families but childbirth was dangerous

21
Q

What is a representative government

A

Representatives are elected by people to make laws on their behalf

22
Q

What is a responsible government

A

Representatives can be voted out if fail to please the people

23
What is a oligarchy
All power is with a small group of rich and powerful men
24
What was Canada's government
Legislative assembly
25
Who was Robert Gourlay and what did he do
He was a Scottish land agent who surveyed farmers about life in Upper Canada. He drew up a list of grievances and a petition
26
Which newspaper did Mackenzie buy
The Colonial Advocate that criticized the family compact and the government
27
What was the problem in lower Canada
Discrimination against the French by taking over their culture and trying to turn them English Economic problems such as tax on farmers Lack of power within the government
28
Which group had power Lower Canada
Chateau Clique
29
Who was the reform leader in Lower Canada
Louis Joseph Papineau
30
What was the Canadien
A reformist newspaper
31
Who led the reform movement in the Maritimes
Joseph Howe
32
How were the rebels punished
Flogging | Transported in terrible conditions
33
What did Durham's report state
Upper and Lower Canada should unite and given a responsible government
34
When was Canada united
in 1840 with the Act of Union
35
What was the underground railway
A network of secret trails and pathways