chapter 1 Flashcards
where is Upper Canada?
“up” the St. Lawrence River; part of present-day Ontario
where is Lower Canada?
“down” the St. Lawrence River; part of present day Quebec
who came to Canada after the end of the War of 1812 and why?
immigrants from Europe and the United States because land was cheap
what were loyalists?
Americans who did not support the American Revolution and who remained loyal to Britain
who were the métis?
people of French and native ancestry
which Canadian city attracted entrepreneurs and from where?
Montreal attracted entrepreneurs from America and Scotland
what is a monopoly?
exclusive ownership because of legal privilege
what is a money economy?
an economy that uses cash
who were land speculators?
people who buy property at a low price and then sell it at a higher price without spending much of their own money
what were clergy and crown reserves?
blocks of land set aside to provide income (through sale or rent) for the government and for the Anglican Church. they took up two-sevenths of all land in upper Canada. since they were scattered through townships, they blocked road development, and tied up prime, arable land.
what is a barter economy?
an economy by trading of products and services
what was the family compact?
a small group of officials who helped run upper Canada. they were descendants of loyalists and believed in the rightness of the aristocracy and the importance of ties to Britain. they were snobbish to the extreme.
what is republican?
democratic, without a monarch as head of state
who was Canada’s first governor?
John Graves Simcoe
what are coffin ships?
death ships. many people died while travelling in steerage. the bodies were dumped overboard
what are tenant farmers?
farmers who work land owned by others
Who was Harriet Tubman
A black activist who helped thousands escape
Who is a member of the black militia that became an educator and church minister
Josiah Henson
What did Quakers and Methodists believe
Slavery was a sin against God and humanity
Who was the first woman editor of a Canadian newspaper
Marie Ann Shadd
What is a spinster
Out of date language for an unmarried woman
What were some hardships faced by women
hard work and long hours
Large families but childbirth was dangerous
What is a representative government
Representatives are elected by people to make laws on their behalf
What is a responsible government
Representatives can be voted out if fail to please the people
What is a oligarchy
All power is with a small group of rich and powerful men
What was Canada’s government
Legislative assembly
Who was Robert Gourlay and what did he do
He was a Scottish land agent who surveyed farmers about life in Upper Canada. He drew up a list of grievances and a petition
Which newspaper did Mackenzie buy
The Colonial Advocate that criticized the family compact and the government
What was the problem in lower Canada
Discrimination against the French by taking over their culture and trying to turn them English
Economic problems such as tax on farmers
Lack of power within the government
Which group had power Lower Canada
Chateau Clique
Who was the reform leader in Lower Canada
Louis Joseph Papineau
What was the Canadien
A reformist newspaper
Who led the reform movement in the Maritimes
Joseph Howe
How were the rebels punished
Flogging
Transported in terrible conditions
What did Durham’s report state
Upper and Lower Canada should unite and given a responsible government
When was Canada united
in 1840 with the Act of Union
What was the underground railway
A network of secret trails and pathways
