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biology 1305 > Chapter 1-5 review > Flashcards

Chapter 1-5 review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the 5 themes of biology?

A

order, evolution, interaction between organisms, homeostasis, structure and function of cells

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2
Q

what is biology?

A

the scientific study of life

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3
Q

what does the organization theme talk about?

A

highlights the hierarchy of biological organization

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4
Q

what do all living things have in common?

A

macromolecule, cells, respond to the environment, extraction of energy, reproduce, maintain homeostasis, evolution (natural selection)

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5
Q

what is the biological hierarchy?

A

biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, organisms, tissues, cell, organelles molecules, atoms

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6
Q

what is structure?

A

structure helps gives us clues to what it does and how it works

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7
Q

what will knowing the function help with?

A

provides insight into structure and organization

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8
Q

what characteristic do cells share

A

cell membrane and the membrane regulates what does in and out of the membrane

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9
Q

where are prokaryotic cells found?

A

bacteria and archaea

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10
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell?

A

membrane enclosed organelles and some contain DNA

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11
Q

what is the lowest level of organization that can perform activitites required for life?

A

cell

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12
Q

what are emergent properties?

A

a result from the arrangement and interaction of parts within a system

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13
Q

what else do emergent properties characterize and what is an example?

A

nonbiological entities as well

for example: a functioning bicycle emerges only when the necessary parts connect in the correct way

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14
Q

what are the characteristics of eukaryotic cell

A

large, contains DNA, membrane enclosed organelles, found in almost everything, more complex

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15
Q

what are the characteristics of Prokaryotic cells

A

doesn’t contain dna, smaller, no membrane enclosed organelles

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16
Q

what is a negative feedback mechanism?

A

the product decreases the reaction

example: can block a step

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17
Q

what is a positive feedback mechanism

A

the product increases the reaction

example: stimulates a step

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18
Q

what is a gene?

A

functional unit of herdity

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19
Q

what helps DNA store information?

A

the structure of DNA (arranged in a double helix)

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20
Q

what are the chemical building blocks of DNA

A

A,T,C,G

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21
Q

what do nucleotides do?

A

encode the infomration in genes

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22
Q

what is gene expression

A

information from a gene is used to make a cellular product

23
Q

what determines differences between organisms

A

the difference in nucleotide sequences

24
Q

what provides the blueprint for making proteins

A

the sequence of genes

25
Q

what is genetic code?

A

the instructions in a gene that tell the cell how to make a specific protein

26
Q

what are the different kingdoms?

A

bacteria, archaea, protist, Animalia, plantae, fungi

27
Q

what are the levels of classification

A

kindgom, phylum class, order, family, genus, species

28
Q

who wrote the origin of species?

A

charles darwin and it was the most influential book in evolution

29
Q

what is a theory?

A

explanation of a natural phenonmena

30
Q

what is a scientific law?

A

description of an observed phenomena

31
Q

what were Charles darwin’s main points

A

-species showed evidence of descent with modification from common ancestors

32
Q

what is descent with modification?

A

species over time give rise to new species and they are all connected by a common ancestor

33
Q

what did darwin’s theory explain?

A

the duality of unity and diversity

34
Q

what unifies organisms?

A

DNA

35
Q

what are homologous structures?

A

similar anatomy that links to a common ancestor but different functions

36
Q

what are embryological homologies?

A

most embryos look similar in earlier stages which can show a link to a common ancestor

37
Q

what is molecular homology?

A

similarities of patterns in the nucleotide sequence of DNA to show a sign of a common ancestor

38
Q

what did darwin observe?

A

individuals in a population vary in trails that are heritable

  1. ) more offspring are produced than survive and there is competition
  2. ) species suit their environment
39
Q

what is a genome

A

a library of genetic information

40
Q

what requires work?

A

energy

41
Q

what is a producer?

A

an organism that makes its own food

42
Q

what is a consumer?

A

an organism that consumes other organisms

43
Q

what happens as a result of work?

A

energy being used will be released as heat

44
Q

how does energy flow through an ecosystem?

A

flows in one direction, enters in as light, and exits as heat

45
Q

how do chemicals flow through an ecosystem?

A

used then recycled broken down by decomposers

46
Q

what is feedback regulation?

A

the output of a process regulates that very process

47
Q

what is the most common feedback regulation

A

negative feedback

48
Q

what is an example of a positive feedback mechanism

A

blood clotting when you are injured the platelets release chemicals to alert other platelets to come near the injury site

49
Q

what is an example of a negative feedback

A

when your body gets too hot you start to sweat

50
Q

what is evolution?

A

species accumulate differences from their ancestors as they adapt to different environments

51
Q

what are the 3 domains of life

A

bacteria, archaea, eukarya

52
Q

what do the bacteria and archaea domain consist of?

A

single-celled prokaryotic organisms

53
Q

what is the eukarya domain

A

subgroups: plantae, fungi, protists, Animalia

54
Q

when does evolution occur?

A

unequal reproductive success of individuals leads to adaptation to their environment

biology 1305 (6 decks)

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