Chapter 1-5 Flashcards

Question

Fieldstones

Answer 1

-They would stack to differentiate their field from another ~They would take clay and toss it over the fence *Creating highways

Answer 2

-Another name for downsizing

Answer 3

-They were the ones who would rob you for the goods you were bringing into the town center or out of the town center or the cash you earned from selling the surplus of food you brought into the town center ~Idea of where Robinhood comes from *Stealing the goods might lead to starvation or someone freezing to death **The idea of deterrence is what people were trying to figure out, but it is hard to figure out people's thoughts

Answer 4

-Execution for people who commit any crime

Answer 5

-Town Center ~Outside TC is the service area *This is the area where it was cheaper, but people would still go to those areas

Answer 6

-Unemployed person who commits crimes around the town square to make their ends to meet

Answer 7

-Comes out of the town center examples -Helps with immigration -Park and Burgess ~Geographers *Of the city ~Why did the rings develop in Chicago *The highest paying dollar is the center of the city and the smallest **Central Business District (CBD) ***Factories **** Working-class homes *****Commuter (Have more money (would work in the CBD) ******THINK BULLSEYE -Shaw and McKay ~Understand, predict, and control criminal delinquent activity in Chicago *The majority of the criminal activity was on the edge of working-class homes and factories; there was crime in the other areas, but they were more spread out than that line **The cheapest factories are going to be towards the working-class homes, and the more expensive factories are going to be near the CBD ***The cheapest homes are going to be near the factories, and the more expensive homes move toward the commuters *The delinquency crimes are in the zone of transition (ZOT) due to the constant movement of businesses and people moving in and out of this area **The line from factories and working-class homes can be movable depending on how well the factories are doing. **The people in the area did not stay; they were transferable ***Known as the SLUM ~What defines the SLUM *Poverty **Poor people live there *Mobility **People moving in and out *Heterogeneity **Diverse cultures living in one area -Differential association ~The idea

Answer 8

-Industrial Revolution (late 1700s) ~Caused waved of immigration *The first group was the English **Making the equipment **Using the equipment to make the product *The Second wave of Irish, Italian, German, Scandinavian, and Polish **They go to the SLUM and eventually move out -Example ~English 100 -> 95 move out ~Irish 95 -> 90 move out ~Italian 90 -> 85 move out ~German 85 -> 80 move out ~ETC... -If the slum is a place of crime ~How did they become criminals? *Cultural Transmission **Behaviors that seem acceptable, people adapt to those behaviors even if they are not appropriate

Answer 9

-Pathology ~Determines if something is healthy or diseased -Wisconsin Maddison ~Study if a place is healthy or not *Is there a communication network -C. Wright Mills ~Where do these people come from ~When we trust people who tell us what's right or wrong, where do they come from? *Upper Class White Guys ~HE challenges the ideas of Social Pathology -Alex Liazos ~Book: The poverty of sociology of deviance *Nuts, Sluts, Prevert **Nuts = mentally ill **Sluts = prostitution **Preverts = sexual deviants ***These are considered deviant areas -Gerald Suttles (Grad Student) ~Study the areas you want to know to observe the interactions ~Addams district of Chicago *Worst of all, the Slums of Chicago **Mother Cabrini (Saint) *He moved into the area and got robbed **He loses another bed **Few days later, he loses the TV ***The neighborhood decided he wasn't to get scared off, so they stopped victimizing him and eventually accepted him as one of them to protect them ****These people had norms, codes of conduct, etc. *The communication center was at the Barbershop ~Book: Social order of the slum -Starts to diminish the ideas of the slum ~We have to look at the people, not just the areas of the crimes *What are the exceptions to the rule from the people **What was the differentiation between the two area

Answer 10

-French cultural anthropologist ~We as cultures are more similar than dissimilar *Test the rates of Suicide **La Suicide (Book) ~The rates of suicide should be similar throughout cultures -What are the types of suicide -There are different types of suicide ~Some are Altruistic *For the purpose of benefiting the group (Greater good) **Too much control (control theory) ~Some are Egoistic *The person's ego is too strong ~Some are Anomic -> anomie *To be without norms **Only exist with people who experience certain things based on mistakes from poor actions ***Think Robin Williams's death was based on a diagnosis that he had only five years left to live *Too narrow of a view **Strain = adapt ***Not all paths lead to suicide

Answer 11

-It requires adaptation ~ Sometimes, you give up the goal ~Sometimes you work harder for it ~Sometimes, you adapt to the goal -Robert (Bob) Merton ~The problem is we have MEANS, and we have GOALS *We want to have big goals **There is a socially acceptable goal and mean **Are you willing to go against social norms to get to your goal or means ~The problem is it does not count for purposefulness crimes ~Merton's Typology *Plus or minus system to see if the Means and Goals were socially acceptable **Going to college: Mean + Goal + = Conformist ***Not a state of strain **Going to College, but you don't have the means to get there: Means - Goal + = Innovation ***Mostly criminalistic people ***State of strain **Having parents forcing you to go to college, you have the means, but you have rejected the goal: Mean + Goal - = Ritual ***State of Strain **People who reject the goal and the means: Mean - Goal - = Retreatism ***Not a state of Strain **This is the group that has rejected society's means and goals, but they still have goals and means that are just not socially appropriate: Mean -/+ Goal -/+ = Rebel ***Pedophiles ***Sometimes, it can be criminal -Not all deviance is crime, and not all crime is deviant -Cohen ~Strain is based on frustration *Most of this comes from class-based frustration by seeing the other classes doing better, by never getting to that level *This begins in schools **Status **Performance *Leads to neologistic behaviors (bitter) **Strain is interpersonal ***Strain is not structural ~Class-based frustration *Leads to Reaction formation **EX: You hate the rich because you can never be rich; you never want it, and you actively reject the aspects of becoming rich (you reject what rejects you) *Can't adapt **They can't go any lower (Downward asperation) ***The lower classes have different aspirations and have an expectation that is different from the reality -Jackson and Burke ~They find high-status in the same boat ~If you are worth a billion and you have friends who are worth 2 billion, they are feeling not as good as their counterparts *Fetish about money -Cloward and Ohlin ~It's not about de-frustration or means; it's about the opportunity *Is not equal opportunity in life ~Differential opportunity *If you have opportunity blocked, then it causes strain in the life ~Hypoth *"The disparity between what lower-class youth are led to want and what is actually available to them is the source of a major problem of adjustment is what causes them strain" ~Expetations and apparitions *When they achieved those apparitions, they were still frustrated due to having high expectations. ** Lower-class are money ordination without the ethics ***Based on survival (fighting at bars) **Middle-class you are more ethical with money ***Based on (getting lawyers) -Robert (Bob) Agnew ~People keep viewing that crime as uniquely lower-class ~GENERAL STRAIN THEORY ~Working hard for a goal and not reaching a goal due to being blocked *You believed you deserved to reach such goals ~Having something that you value and having taken it away from you ~Given something you don't want, but it was still given to you *Now you have to deal with it **Individual level of strain ****Helps explain drug and alcohol abuse ~The perception of the environment *Overestimate other people's success but underestimate your own successes (especially if you are female) **They leverage everything that they have until their last penny; it's all based on perception ~Crime involvement is sporadically *Occasional *Random or necessary -Messner and Rosenfeld ~The American Dream *Built around material success *There is not enough material success for everyone *There are educational institutions that are supracervical **In a few years, you are going to get replaced by someone else who will take half the pay and twice the knowledge *The business world tends to own you *"Goals other than material success (such as parenting teaching) become not important anymore" **We are an economy-based society, not actual hobbies ~People want money not because they need it but because they want it

Answer 12

-Ponzi ~The stamps sold from different amounts around the world *He sold the stamps for a higher amount, but eventually, he decided to use the next group to pay the previous group's investments **Don't be the last group from a Ponzi scheme ***A form of innovation

Answer 13

-What constitutes deprivation? - Absolute deprivation ~Not having something or wanting something -Relative deprivation ~Having something nicer or better, but you already own it

Answer 14

-"If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences" ~If you perceive it as real, then it is real in your mind -Concept of Anomie ~Developed with Znanicki *What was their life back in Poland? **Due to homicide, suicide, drug overdose, murder, etc. ***"Polish Peasant in Europe and America" (Book) ****These developed into new adaptations

Answer 15

-The elements of the environment control the actions of those who are experiencing the circumstances -Why is there no crime and deviance in this area? ~There are going to be at least two different reactions *You are either in the state of being controlled, or you are going to have a lack of control -Looking for broken windows, graffiti, things that bring down the area shows no one cares -Look for surveillance cameras; police presence shows that people care -Al Reiss ~Looks at the overlap of sociology and psychology ~Internal versus External controls *External control **The national maximum speed limit ***Moral control ~Avantage of these controls

Answer 16

-Hirschi ~Some people should be deviant and are not *If we don't have control, we fall into primitive behaviors ~Seattle Study *HS age kids (not all HS age kids go to high school) **Two questions ***Have you ever done....? ***If yes, how many times have you done it? *The justice system is bad at discovering these deviances *He looked at the background factors of the kids **He focuses on the social bond ***The more bonded you are to society, less people become concerned about those same bonds as they weaken, the same points as Reiss ***The bonds weaken social control and also weaken a less controlled society ~Elements of the social bond *High elements = high social bond *Different elements **Commitment ***Factor analysis ****Series of questions ****Investment in doing something that is a commitment that you stand to lose if you do something stupid (unwilling risk) **Involvement ***How many prosocial activities are you involved in, and do you have time to get in trouble **Attachment ***Do you have an interpersonal attachment to a group? If so, your actions affect the larger group ****You work for people's respect *****Interpersonal attachments to earn people's respect **Belief ***If you follow the rules, then you will reap the rewards ****If your belief is strong, then you have a strong bond with the society *If all four things are strong, then people will follow the rules of the social bond ~About 90+% have engaged in some form of delinquency that would have labeled them as criminal *About 5% engaged and got caught in delinquent criminal activities **The bond showed how often and many times someone commits a crime depends on the strength of their social bonds -Paper and pencil ~Anonomus *One person in a room ~Non-anonmus *Twenty people in a room -Face 2 Face ~Non-anonmus *One-on-one interview ~Anonomus *Creates a barrier *There are no statistical differences between all four studies for the surveys -Walter Reckless ~Defining the inner city is based on the opportunities for crime in that area ~Pushes and pulls *Push **Internal drive ***Driven by social conventions, media, environment ***A push for something or wanting something *Pull **External drive ***They are based on mentality ^When the internal and external drives meet in space and time, crime will occur ~Z.O.T is when crime meets with internal and external drives -Sykes and Matza ~Neutralization *They believe that those who commit crimes know that they are doing bad, which causes negative feelings, and how can a person neutralize the negative feeling ~5 Techniques of Neutralization *Denial of Responsibility **"I didn't do it." **And remaining the deniability *Denial of Injury **"I did it, but no one got hurt." **Admit to the act, but there was no harm *Denial of Victim **"There was no actual victim." *Condeming the condemers **"Do you know how fast you were going? You were speeding without your lights on, so you were speeding as well." ***This does not get people out of the ticket ***Saying this implies that the cops are as crooked as the criminals *Higher Loyalties **Rejecting the laws and rules of society but accepting the laws and rules of a higher loyalty -Matza ~Moral Drift *Making something unacceptable more acceptable **Speeding in a group of cars and slowly increasing the speed over time is still wrong, but it doesn't seem wrong at the time *Slow releases of control over time

Answer 17

-Somatotypes ~The jolly person *Could not create crimes

Answer 18

-Somatotypes ~The nervous person *Could not create crimes

Answer 19

-Somatotypes ~The muscular person *Created the crimes

Chapter 1-5 Flashcards

(44 cards)