Chapter 1 Flashcards
What type of cellular reproduction creates colonial copies of the cell?
Mitosis
True/False: Exogenous signals come from the interior of the cell.
False
Every cell has a genetic program called the?
Genome
Bacteria possess?
Plasma membrane/genome
Every biological process requires what? And comes from where?
Energy
From the Sun
How big are eukaryote cells typically?
10-30uM
Which type of cell is stirring up some excitement due to their chromosomes being trip loud making them pluripotent and capable of transplantation?
Embryonic Stem Cells
True/False: Most human cells possess a single nucleus that contains two copies of each chromosome.
True
Who is credited with the discovery of cells?
Robert Hook
Genes perform as? (4)
- storage lockers of genetic info
- program for replication
- direction for running cellular activities
- blueprinted for cellular proteins
Light energy is converted by photosynthesis into chemical energy that is stored in carbohydrates. In animal cells, energy arrives prepackaged often in the form of?
- protein
- glucose
- fatty acids
Bacteria have a symbiotic relationship w/humans. The microbiome that resides within the intestines perform what functions? (4)
- aid in digestion
- produce co-factors
- protect from pathogenesis
- produce vitamins
Intestinal cells, by increasing fold within the plasma membrane create _______ in order to increase surface area for aiding and capturing materials in digestion.
Villi
Cells are microscopic in size because?
- the distance between the cell surface and interior becomes to great for the cells needs to be set by simple diffusion
- the surface area becomes limiting as a cell increases in size
True/False: Cell differentiation in mammals is irreversible?
False
What are the 3 tenants of cell theory?
- All organisms are composed of one or more cells
- The cell is the structural unit of life
- Cells can arise only by division from a preexisting cell
What are the properties of cells? (10)
- Complexity
- Possess genetic program they know how to use
- Acquire/utilize energy
- Carry out chemical reactions
- Engage in mechanical activities
- Respond to stimuli
- Capable of self-regulation
- Evolution
- Death
- Capable of producing more of themselves
Exogenous regulation is?
External
Endogenous regulation is?
Internal
What are the 2 types of Prokaryotes?
Archae
Bacteria
What are the 6 model organisms?
- E. Coli (bacteria)
- S. Cerevisiae (yeast)
- A. Thailana (flower)
- C. Elegant (worm)
- D. Melanogaster (fly)
- M. Musculus (mouse)
Comparisons between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes? (8)
- plasma membrane
- identical genetic code
- ribosomes
- translation/transcription
- metabolism
- ATP synthesis
- photosynthesis
- proteasomes
Contrasts between Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes? (8)
- presence of a nucleus
- complex chromosomes
- mitotic structures
- organelles
- cytoskeletons
- phagocytosis
- diploidy
- sexual reproduction
Cells use what to control cellular responses?
Signaling
