Chapter 1

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

The study of human nature, human society, and the human past

Question 2

Holism

Answer 2

A characteristic of the anthropological perspective that describes how anthropology tries to integrate all that is known about human beings and thier activities at the highest and most inclusive level

Question 3

Comparison

Answer 3

A characteristic of the anthropological perspective that requires anthropologists to consider similarities and differences in as wide a range of human societies as possible before generalizing about human nature, human society, or the human past.

Question 4

Evolution

Answer 4

A characterisic of the anthropological perspective that requires anthropologists to place their observations about human nature, human society, or the human past in a temporal framework that takes into consideration change over time.

Question 5

Culture

Answer 5

Sets of learned behavior and ideas that human beings aquire as members of society. Human beings use culture to adapt to and to transform the world in which they live.

Question 6

Biocultural organisms

Answer 6

Organisms (in this case human beings) whose defining features are codetermined by biological factors

Question 7

Races

Answer 7

Social groups that allegedly reflect biological differences

Question 8

Biological Anthropology

Answer 8

Paleoanthropology

Human Biology and variation

Primatology

Question 9

Cultural Anthroplogy

Answer 9

The specialty of anthropology that shows how variation in the beliefs and behaviors of members of different human groups is shaped by sets of learned behaviors and ideas that human beings aquire as members of society - that is, by culture.

• Kinship and social organization
• Materiallife and technology
• Subsistence and economics
• Worldview

Question 10

Archeology

Answer 10

A cultural anthroplology of the human past involving the analysis of material remains left behind by earlier societies.

• Prehistoric Archeology
• Historical Archeology

Question 11

Linguistics Anthropology

Answer 11

The specialty of anthroplogy concerned with the study of human languages.

• Descriptive linguistics
• Comparative linguistics
• Historical linguistics

Question 12

Fieldwork

Answer 12

An extended period of close involvement with the people in whose language or way of life like anthropologists are interested, during which anthropologists ordinarily collect most of thier data.

Question 13

Informants

Answer 13

People in a particular culture who work with anthroplogists and provide them with insights about their way of life. Also called respondants, teachers, or friends.

Question 14

Ethnography

Answer 14

An anthropologists written or filmed description of a particular culture

Question 15

Ethnology

Answer 15

The comparitive study of tow or more cultures.

Question 16

Language

Answer 16

The system of arbitrary vocal symbols used to encode ones experience of the world and of others.

Question 17

Applied Anthroplogy

Answer 17

Specialists who use information gathered from the other anthropological specialties to solve practical cross-cultural problems.

Question 18

Medical Anthroplogy

Answer 18

The specialty of anthropology that concerns itself with human health - the factors that contribute to disease or illness and the ways that human populations deal with disease or illness.

Question 19

Assumptions

Answer 19

Basic, unquestioned understandings about the way the world works.

Question 20

Evedence

Answer 20

What is seen when a particular part of the world is examined with great care Scientists use two different kinds of evidence: material and inferred

Question 21

Hypotheses

Answer 21

Statements that assert a particular connection between fact and interpretation

Question 22

Testability

Answer 22

The ability of scientific hypotheses to be matched against nature to see whether they are confirmed or refuted.

Question 23

Scientific Theory

Answer 23

A coherently organized series of testable hypotheses used to explain a body of material evedence.

Question 24

Objectivity

Answer 24

The seperation of observation and reporting from the researchers wishes